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Show and Tell From the Street Rod Nationals [Gallery]

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While most enthusiasts would consider 500 cars as a good turnout, the Street Rod Nationals brings out 2,500 of the finest street rods, muscle cars, customs, trucks and specialty vehicles that Michigan has to offer. In its 37th year, the National Street Rod Association (NSRA) shows no signs of slowing down.

An event for car enthusiasts by car enthusiasts, there was such a large variety of rides—from between 1950-1986 model years—that it’s much easier to show than tell.

Buick Estate Wagon

The first car that made us stop in our tracks was an early-‘50s Buick Estate Wagon, cured by Mother Nature herself. The contrast of the natural pantina against brightly polished chrome was striking, and we couldn’t help but walk around to view the beauty from every angle.

Buick Estate Wagon

Spotless 500hp ’75 AMC Matador

We’ve all heard the phrase, “It’s so clean I could eat off of it.” Well, this custom Dark Espresso Pearl 1975 AMC Matador is so spotless, I wouldn’t dare place food on it. It’s an insane animal powered by a fuel-injected Ram Jet 502 engine with a bull-bucking 500 ft-lbs. of torque backed by 500 horsepower.

Street Rod Nationals

Nostalgic ’34 Roadster

This traditional, historic hot rod from Ontario, Canada, is a 1934 Ford roadster powered by a Ford four-cylinder with Eddie Meyer side-draft carburetors. The owner, wearing a period-correct leather aviator cap, was seen circling the grounds and stopping to smile for photos, and he caught up to us right before we headed into the swap meet. 

Roadster

Old Car Gold Mine

A football-sized field full of rusty gold, chrome trim and rare parts was the perfect place to dream up new projects or find that elusive piece for an existing build. Several vehicles with great potential were found, including this cool old Jeep pickup.

Street Rod Nationals

Why You Shouldn't Let Your Friends Sell Cars for You

Right after I scored a set of early-'60s Cadillac emblems, I turned to see what may not have been the best deal of the meet, but it was undoubtedly the most entertaining. A humorous note was taped to this disheveled 1930s Ford humpback sedan.

Street Rod Nationals

Selling for a friend, not much of a friend. He thinks it’s worth $3,200.

Friday price: $3,200

Saturday morning: $3,000

Saturday afternoon: $2,800

He won’t be a friend after $2,500.”

Safety First for Vintage Vehicles

The NSRA cares about their hobbyists, so it makes sense for them to be dedicated to vehicle safety. The club offers free 23-point safety inspections on a volunteer basis to all club members. Here, Tom, a NSRA member and inspector, checks out the suspension of a custom Chevy Pickup.

Chevy Pickup

The Michigan Hot Rod Association (MHRA) Rod Repair Shop has offered their services to NSRA members since 1972. If members are having troubles with their collector, or if the tech inspectors notice anything concerning, the repair shop offers free labor with a smile. The shop’s mechanics say that the car problems go in spurts, and brake light wiring paired with power steering failures were the trends of the weekend.

MHRA

It’s the culture behind hot rod shows that keeps us coming back for more, no matter how far we need to travel. Luckily, you can get a glimpse of the event right from where you sit by scrolling through the photo gallery above.

Hot Rod Nationals


Three Cheers for Chris Forsberg, the 2016 Formula Drift Champion!

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Congratulations Chris Forsberg! Formula Drift's first-ever three-time champion!

Formula Drift - Chris Forsberg

Chris "The Force" Forsberg hasn't won a single event all season and still didn't win at Irwindale Speedway, but by consistently qualifying strong and finishing near the top, it didn't matter.

Formula Drift - Chris Forsberg

Coming into the final round of the Formula Drift season, Forsberg only had a mere 36 point lead over defending champion, Fredric Aasbo. A wild crash in the Top 16 against Pat Mordaunt, who took out Vaughn Gittin Jr. in the Top 32, seemed to be the clear path Aasbo needed to repeat. All he needed to do was make it to the final battle, but it wasn't meant to be. Aasbo gave, eventually winner, Matt Field a love tap during his chase run that led him to be eliminated in the Top 16 and effectively award Forsberg the championship.

Formula Drift - Chris Forsberg Crash

Stay tuned to DRIVINGLINE.com/DRIFT for our full Top 32 Play-By-Play Recap of Round 8: Title Fight.

(Photos by: Takuya "TK" Akiyama)

 

I Came, I Saw, I Conquered the Cape [Video]

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Are you not entertained!? The moment you've all been waiting for is finally here! No more behind the scenes photos, no more teaser videos... just a real deal drifting video with a real deal drifter. Mad Mike Whiddett has drifted in some crazy places and put on some wild exhibitions for his fans; it's only right for his next project to be at some place like South Africa's iconic Franschhoek Pass. Watch the Kiwi drifter slide BADBUL in Red Bull's #ConquerTheCape in the video above!

Conquer The Cape - Mad Mike - BADBUL

For more epic drifting from your favorite driver, Mad Mike, visit DRIVINGLINE.com/DRIFT.

Drag Racing Done Right: Confessions of an Import Guy

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We sent one of our import guys to cover the 2016 NMCA West Street Car Nationals at Auto Club Dragway… Needless to say, he’s a fan now.

I’ve shot a ton of drag racing over the past decade and a half. Seen lots of records broken, met lots of talented racers and hugely impressive teams, and have had the privilege witnessing at full-tilt (seeing, hearing, feeling) some of the most iconic machines to grace the sport. I’ve loved every minute of it. And then it all seemed to fade away.

Auto Club Dragway

This was import/sport compact drag racing—1,500hp turbocharged four-cylinders and 2,000hp inline-sixes, FWD econoboxes blasting 7-second quarter-miles (9 seconds in all-motor trim) and Japanese muscle cars rivaling their American brothers. Packed stands, well-funded race teams, a prospering industry. No matter who you were, if you had an appreciation for speed and race engineering, it was an impressive thing.

Drag Racing

But all the well-funded and fast race teams of the day couldn’t match the number of street-car enthusiasts looking for cheap thrills, hoping to be a part of the action with rushed builds and cut corners. For every one of those record-breaking, 7-second FWD blasts there were dozens of botched burnouts, missed stagings, breaks at the line and lots of downtime from oil spewed down the strip, by enthusiasts’ ill-prepared quests to have fun.

Drag Racing

Such does not seem to be the case with NMCA drag racing, as made evident at the 5th Annual Energy Suspension NMCA West Street Car Nationals in Fontana, California.

That’s What We Like to See

As impressive as building a FWD econobox to churn out 1,500hp and blast an 8-second ¼-mile E.T. is, there’s plenty to be said about tuning a thoroughbred RWD performance car to make upwards of three times that amount of power and turn consistent 4-second 1/4s through multiple rounds of qualifying and eliminations. Such was the case in ProCharger Limited Street, where racer James Lawrence and his venerable 2001 Camaro won the field with a 4.82 E.T. just over his rival’s 4.95. And all this after racer Johnny Coleman marked the fastest pass with a blistering 4.67 E.T.

Drag Racing

Maybe more impressive was the ARP Outlaw 8.5 class, which also saw its share of 4-second passes before being won by Ben Davidow with a 5.03 E.T. Very impressive, considering the class’s 8.5-inch spec tire.

Drag Racing

Two Speeds: Fast and Still Fast

Fastest Street Car Pro Mod, Ultra Street Shootout and Top DragsterShootout all saw winning E.T.s in the 5- and 6-second E.T. range.

Drag Racing

Drag Racing

Drag Racing

Lucas Oil 10.5, Meziere Top Sportsman, Champion Pro Comp, Jet-Hot Open Comp, MMR Mustang Madness, Edlebrock Super Quick and Gear Vendors True Street classes all saw winning E.T.s range from 7 to 9 seconds from a wide variety of classic, late-model and dragster machines, again with impressive consistency (especially in bracket racing!) and very few mishaps.

Drag Racing

Drag Racing

Drag Racing

Even classes like Calvert Racing Quick Street and the Edlebrock Bracket Showdown saw E.T.s dipping into the single digits, but more widely invited drivers of 10-12-second cars to the line. Maybe not the quickest and fastest passes of the weekend, but watching drivers control their runs down to tenths and even hundredths of a second from their dial-in times makes for some exciting racing, especially considering the number of racers in this class who drove to and from the track, in modestly modded machines without the benefit of the latest tech.

Drag Racing

Burnout

Drag Racing

Looking Forward

Maybe it’s that NMCA’s slightly older field of competitors, behind the wheels of classic and late-model American muscle cars built with timeless V8 tech, have the benefit of drawing on experience and a stable aftermarket like the sport compact guys are developing today. Maybe it’s that NMCA West’s relaxed, four-season schedule allows racers more time to prepare between each round than sport compact heyday’s multiple series and seemingly overlapping events. Maybe it’s the organization’s well-thought-out classing and digilent tech inspection.

Whatever the case, racers at the NMCA West Street Car Nationals were fast, consistent and reliable enough—and knew all the right staging and racing strategies—to keep the drag racing competitive, exciting for fans and steadily moving all weekend. If ever there was an example of what organized drag racing should be (or should aim to become), this is it. We can’t wait to see more.

View more photos from NMCA’s event at Auto Club Dragway in the gallery below, and see our coverage from the NMCA West Spring Nationals.

 

Rousing Racing at 2016 Nitto NMRA All Ford World Finals [Gallery]

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The Ford faithful were out in full force for the 18th Annual Nitto NMRA All Ford World Finals, September 29 to October 2, 2016, at Beech Bend Raceway in Bowling Green, Kentucky. As the last race on the series’ six-race 2016 schedule, the event featured cars and trucks traversing the track with naturally aspirated, turbo, blower and nitrous combinations and showcasing some of the tightest chases to season championships in the series’ history.

In addition to points and prizes, the ever-enticing Aerospace Components Winner’s Circle awaited winners.

“Despite some challenges from Mother Nature, the racers and fans came out in record numbers to witness some of the tightest and most competitive drag racing that we've seen all year,” said Rollie Miller, General Manager and National Event Director for ProMedia, which includes NMRA, NMCA and NMCA WEST. “From QA1 True Street, with a near-record number of 140 entries, to our championship categories and car show, the participation levels were the highest of the year. It was a great finish to one of the best seasons of the NMRA Keystone Drag Racing Series.”

In VP Racing Fuels Street Outlaw, Joel Greathouse glided to a 4.34 in Charles Hull’s ’92 Mustang, which features a KBX Performance-tuned and Bennett-built small-block Ford and 98mm Precision turbo, and that elapsed-time is the quickest in the history of the category. He had his hands full through several rounds of eliminations, however, as he came across very capable drivers with very competitive combinations, including Phil Hines and his loud and proud ProCharger-packing ’01 Mustang. When the tree dropped, Greathouse had issues at the hit and never recovered, and Hines sailed to a 6.62 for the win.

Aaron Bates was a man on a mission in Edelbrock Renegade and proved it by powering to a 7.44 to lead qualifying in his Fox body Mustang powered by a ProCharger-fronted and Steve LaPointe-built small-block Ford tuned by Dez Racing. As consistent as he is quick, he laid down another 7.44 in the final round to earn the win over Adam Arndt, who was 7.51 in his formidable Fox body Mustang.

“I’m still trying to digest the amazing weekend,” said Bates. “NMRA is such a great place to compete and I’m so happy with my team’s performance over the weekend as well as throughout the season. We’re looking forward to racing with the NMRA again next year.”

In his lean green ’14 Cobra Jet, John Kauderer cruised to a 7.81 to lead qualifying in ProCharger Coyote Modified, but holding on for the final round were Haley James and Joe Guertin. James jammed to the win after taking her Mustang through the traps in 7.85 seconds, while Guertin got there right after with a 7.87.

In G-Force Transmissions Pure Street, Teddy Weaver wheeled—and wheelied—his ’01 Mustang to a 9.64 to lead qualifying, and claimed the victory in the final round with a 9.65 after Shawn Johnson ran into issues in his ’03 Cobra and was forced to lift.

“The track had so much traction that my car wanted to go into a wheelstand, and in the first round of eliminations, it actually stayed in a wheelstand for 200 feet,” said Weaver, who relies on a Roush-built 312 cubic-inch pushrod engine and G-Force Transmissions-built G101A transmission to propel his UPR-suspended Mustang. “We settled the car down by making shock and strut adjustments.”

Darin Hendricks sailed to a 10.21 in his ’93 Cobra to lead qualifying in Race Pages Coyote Stock, and in the final round, he met up with class standout Shane Stymiest, who had just recorded a personal best of 10.21 in his semifinal single in his ’90 Mustang. Stymiest got to the finish line first with a 10.23 to win over Hendricks, who had slowed over a tenth of a second from his qualifying effort and turned in an 10.34 for the runner-up.

“We worked our butts off to earn to that,” said Stymiest, who added that he wasn’t overly concerned about facing top qualifier Hendricks in the final as he had seen his off-pace 10.31 semifinal run. “I knew that if my car worked like it had the last couple rounds, I would be in pretty good shape.”

In American Racing Headers Factory Stock, James Meredith moved his ’03 Mach 1 to a 10.46 to lead qualifying, and began eliminations with a solo trip down the lanes when Michael Washington required an ill-timed push-back in his Fox body Mustang. From there, Meredith motored through the rounds and to the final, where he defeated the always-tough Matt Amrine and his ’98 Mustang, 10.68 to 10.72.

In index action, Exedy Racing Clutch Modular Muscle saw Shane Williams and his ’99 Mustang motor to the win over Donnie Bowles and his ’05 Mustang, 11.78 to 9.97, and in Flex-A-Lite Open Comp, where the cars are always finely-tuned, Dennis Corn catapulted to a win in his ’88 Thunderbird over Tim Hamilton, 9.54 to 10.68. In Detroit Locker Truck and Lightning, Randy Conway cruised his ’84 Ranger to victory over Gerry Van Veen and his ’94 Ranger, 10.56 to 11.10.

Chris Parisi muscled his Mustang to a 14.27 and the win over Dave Liechty, who posted an 11.27 in his Mustang in Roush Super Stang, and in Race Pages Ford Muscle, Tom Osterkamp piloted his ’12 Mustang to victory over Danny Towe and his ’70 Mustang after a 10.04 and 12.12 race.

In the VMP Performance Terminator/GT500 Shootout, Brian Devilbiss blasted to a 7.46 and the win over Harold Horton and his 9.10, and in Livernois Motorsports EcoBoost, Brad Gusler gave it everything he had in his ’15 Mustang and uncorked a 10.55, and it worked, as he defeated Alexis Fruggiero, who was 27.18 at the stripe in a ’15 Mustang.

In Henchmen Racing Turbo Coyote Shootout, Justin Jordan, in a ’14 Mustang, ousted Bret Stabler, in an ’11 Mustang, after a close 4.99 to 5.00 race. The entertaining Tremec Stickshift Shootout put the spotlight on Nicholas Shortridge, who posted a 9.35 in his ’03 Mustang to find victory over Mike Niehaus, who went through the traps at 9.93 in his ’86 Mustang.

Troy Messamore was the overall winner with an 8.05 average in QA1 True Street, while Jeramiah McGreevy raced to an 8.41 average to runner-up and Nicholas Shortridge shot to the 9-second win. Chad Evans was the 10-second winner, Tim Bradshaw was the 11-second winner, Randy Rosner was the 12-second winner, Jason Epstein was the 13-second winner, Kristen Kelly was the 14-second winner and Belinda Moore was the 15-second winner.

Saturday Bracket action saw Adrian Way win over Brian Barnard in Bracket 1; Ray Sears win on a single in Bracket 2 and Richard Doyle defeat Michael Crass in Bracket 3. In Sunday Bracket racing, Derrick Cornish cruised to the win over Jeff Whitaker in Bracket 1; Gary Parker pounded out a win over Don Oglesbee in Bracket 2 and Clifford Moore mustered up a win over Danny Caudell in Bracket 3.

The highly hyped event also included a Grudge Night featuring Chris “BoostedGT” Hamilton from Discovery Channel’s “Street Outlaws,” multi-time champion and NMRA and NMCA racer Mike Murillo from “House of Grudge” and other drivers who were looking to lay down a number street race-style. It also boasted ididit Outlaw True Street and the UPR Car Show.

Points are now being carefully counted in categories, and season champions will be named October 14, 2016. Then, they’ll be celebrated—and receive carefully and cleverly crafted Nitto Tire Diamond Tree Rings—during the NMRA Awards Ceremony presented by Aerospace Components, Dec. 9, at the Indiana Convention Center.

(Photos: Kristin Cline)

Detroit-based Mary Lendzion is a writer for NMCA and NMRA in Santa Ana, California, and the Director of Media and Public Relations for Summit Motorsports Park in Norwalk, Ohio.

Racing revs up again with the 23rd Annual Nitto NMRA Spring Break Shootout, March 2-5, 2017, at Bradenton Motorsports Park in Florida. In the meantime, see our coverage from this year's Spring Break Shootout and make sure to check out the gallery above for more All Ford World Finals action!

ARB AR21 Intensity Light Review

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Going off-road is one of our favorite pastimes. We love the adventure and freedom of exploring the great outdoors and on occasion, pushing our vehicle to its limits. More often than not, we find ourselves burning every last bit of daylight while we're out there, and once we've exceeded the sun’s reach, we're at the mercy of whatever lighting our 4x4 happens to be equipped with.

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On our 2013 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Rubicon, we've found that the stock headlights leave plenty to be desired. The short reach and yellow-ish tinge of the light often make for a less than stellar nighttime ‘wheeling experience. When we upgraded our JK with an ARB stubby series front bumper, one of the options we were excited to go for was ARB’s AR21 LED lights. Since the AR21s demand little from the electrical system and project a tremendous amount of light, they made perfect sense for our setup.

001-ARB-intensity-ar21-lights

Given our JK was fit with ARB’s front bumper lighting mounts, the AR21 brackets fit perfectly in place. Three bolts hold the lighting bracket to the bumper to ensure it won’t rattle loose. To provide user-friendly tilt adjustments, each light has tamper-proof pivot adjusters. These not only make sure the lights stay aimed correctly, but reduces the chances of would-be-thieves easily making off with your lights.

002-ARB-intensity-ar21-lights

The AR21 Intensity LED light is a 7"-round light that houses 21 individual LED lights. The high-pressure, A360 cast-aluminum housing is fit with a polycarbonate lens and UV-stable polycarbonate lens cover. This allows the lights to handle everything from tree branches to rock chips without issue.

003-ARB-intensity-ar21-lights

To make wiring as simple as possible, we picked up ARB’s Intensity Wire Loom kit (part number 3500520). This setup includes sealed connectors, switch and plenty of loomed wire to cleanly route the harness in the engine bay.

004-ARB-intensity-ar21-lights-wiring-harness

There are a few options for how you can wire up your light switch. We choose to tap into one of the unused fuse locations in our JK’s TIPM fuse box.

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Since the included lighting switch came with an adhesive back, we opted to place it atop the steering column for now. If we decide to add on more lighting down the right, we may look into a larger integrated switch panel, such as the ones from Painless and sPOD.

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This gives you a pretty good idea at how bad our stock JK lights are at night; this is low beam only.

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Here’s the same spot with our dual AR21s powered on. The light reach is not only significantly longer, but offers a purer white light as well.

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ARB offers the AR21 in either a spot or flood version, and we chose to go with one of each. The idea behind having a spot beam on the driver's side and a flood on the passenger is to give you both that long-distance visibility that you need, while maintaining a wide view for things that are a bit closer. Overall, we're extremely happy with the AR21s. While they are a touch on the pricey side, the performance and quality seem to back the price point.

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Still new to the world of off-roading? Learn more about what you can do with these off-road basics.

Rough Country Suspension’s Ford F-150 Bed Mat Review

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One of the most annoying aspects of hauling cargo in a truck bed is having items slide to the front of the bed. Not only does this create potential for a dented bulkhead, but you have to crawl your way into the bed to retrieve the items that have shifted. We recently installed a Bestop EZ-Fold Hard Tonneau cover on our 2012 Ford F-150 SVT Raptor. While we enjoy the added element protection the cover brings, our cargo was still sliding about.

001-Ford-Raptor-SVT-Black

This was mostly due to the fact that our 5-foot, 5-inch bed didn’t come from the factory with a bed liner. We’d been on the fence as to whether or not we wanted to upgrade to a spray-in liner. The nearly $500 cost of a Line-X coating doesn’t exactly make us want to rush to get one. Even with a spray-in style liner, we’ve found it’s not the perfect solution to keeping items from shifting around in the bed.

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So we decided to skip the liner for now in favor of something that could fit our needs at a lesser cost:

At $69.95, Rough Country Suspension’s Bed Mat may be the best bang-for-the-buck upgrade we could have done to our bed. It’s form-fit for the ’04-’14 Ford F-150 and installs in seconds. You’ll spend more time cleaning the bed than you will laying down the mat. It’s also worth mentioning that it’s made in the USA!

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The 3/8-inch rubber mat is comprised of a Nyracord rubber construction. Nyracord is a premium rubber material which is merged with a heavy-duty fiber. This heavy-duty rubber is ideal in bed applications as it’s not only durable, but the textured surface also provides a true non-skid mat to keep your cargo in place.

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To make sure the mat stays in place, the bottom side is cleated. These small knobs not only prevent the custom molded mat from moving, but helps keep it dry beneath the mat.

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So far, we’ve found that the mat cleans up nicely and does a fine job of keeping our gear in one spot. We still strap down heavier cargo, but most everyday items tend to stay in place without any additional support. The overall combo of the Bestop EZ-Fold cover and Rough Country Bed Mat is proving to be a practical upgrade that serves our daily driven Raptor well.

To see the full line of Rough Country’s Bed Mats, visit roughcountry.com.

Learn about another modification we did on our 2012 Ford SVT Raptor by leveling it without raising its front suspension.

Catalyst for Power: Aftermarket Lift Pumps for Diesels

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The lift pump. While nowhere near as glamorous as a billet wheeled turbocharger, a polished intake or a second injection pump, this component is as vital as it comes in the horsepower game. For diesels, lift pumps are the unsung heroes of their respective performance world. In addition to making big horsepower a reality, they add reliability to the entire fuel system, yield improved filtration over stock and (if electric) offer infinite adjustability over fuel pressure. In this day and age, it’s actually rare to peer under a diesel powered pickup and not see an aftermarket lift pump system bolted to the frame rail.

What They Do

The job of a lift pump is to supply low pressure fuel (from the tank) to the injection pump on the engine. Most lift pumps, aftermarket or OEM, provide between 8-to-15 psi worth of supply pressure (aside from the 7.3L, 6.0L and 6.7L Power Stroke engines, which call for 45-to-65 psi). From there, the injection pump or injectors (depending on which engine and injection system the engine has) pressurize the fuel that makes its way in-cylinder between 15,000 and 30,000 psi.

Without being supplied low-pressure fuel via the lift pump, the injection pump would have the added job of pulling fuel all the way from the fuel tank (which is the case in Duramax applications). Without adequate diesel feeding into the low-pressure side of the injection pump, its life span is greatly reduced. Continued fuel starvation will eventually damage the injection pump and possibly hurt the injectors.

When You Need One

Anytime you plan to pursue more power than what your truck made in stock form, a lift pump is a good idea. Because the injection pump and injectors are arguably the most vital components in a diesel engine, keeping them supplied with plenty of fuel keeps them cool, lubricated and functioning properly. In scenarios where the factory lift pump is on its way out, an aftermarket lift pump is the best possible upgrade.

Take the 5.9L Cummins found in ’98.5-’02 Dodge Ram 2500 and 3500’s for example: these trucks were equipped with a lift pump notorious for premature failure. When the lift pump checks out and 0 psi of fuel is supplied to the VP44 injection pump, it too bites the dust.

Why You Need One

In the grand scheme of things, an aftermarket lift pump system is a key element in making horsepower with a diesel. They provide higher flow rates and stronger pumps that can keep up with the demands of modified injection pumps and larger injectors.

In addition to being the catalyst for making horsepower, complete aftermarket kits provide added fuel filtration, improved water separation and their supply pressure can be adjusted. If you own a Duramax, an engine that was never offered with a factory lift pump, an aftermarket lift pump system will prolong the life of the CP3 injection pump on ’01-’10 models and especially the CP4.2 pump found on ’11-’16 GM trucks.

The Best System for You

This varies depending on your application, but for the most part a complete (all-inclusive) lift pump system is best in terms of affordability and an easy installation process. Systems from FASS, Fuelab and AirDog provide you with everything you need from the tank to the injection pump (pump, lines, filters, wiring) and are available for all late model diesel trucks.

As a general rule of thumb, for most Duramax, Cummins and ’08-current Power Strokes, a 95 or 100-gph kit will support 500-to-600 hp, a 150 to 165-gph system will handle up to 800-to-900 hp and a 200-gph or more pump can support north of 1,000 hp.

For the HEUI injection systems found on the 7.3L and 6.0L Power Stroke engines, higher pressure fuel supply is required (65 psi). For the 7.3L, we recommend the standard or competition systems from Irate Diesel Performance for trucks in the 400-plus hp range. For the 6.0L, we have quite a bit of faith in the 125-gph system offered from FASS, which is right at home in 550-plus hp Super Duty's.

Diesel Lift Pumps

This is what most complete lift pump systems look like:

Diesel Lift Pumps

They come with everything you need to install them, including the lift pump, fuel filter, water separator, filter base, filters, fuel line, fittings, elbows, mounting bracket(s), wire harness and fasteners.

Anytime you’re upgrading (or replacing) injectors or injection pumps, it’s good practice to add or improve the lift pump. This not only preserves the life of your new injectors or pump(s) by keeping steady fuel pressure on tap for them to use, but it also provides added filtration and better air removal than what OEM components provide.

Diesel Lift Pumps

This is the latest generation high-pressure injection pump in the OEM segment: the CP4.2 from Bosch. It’s capable of producing up to 30,000 psi and is used on ’11-’16 Duramax engines and all ’11-current 6.7L Power Strokes.

Diesel Lift Pumps

Like all diesel-powered GM trucks (’01-‘16), no factory lift pump exists to feed low pressure fuel to the injection pump—and many are beginning to blame this engine’s lack of a lift pump for why these pumps are failing at ever-increasing rates. By comparison, CP4.2 pump failure is rare on the 6.7L Power Stroke, an application where the pump benefits from a lift pump supplying it 55 psi worth of fuel pressure.

One of the most popular aftermarket lift pump fuel systems is the AirDog line produced by PureFlow Technologies.

Diesel Lift Pumps

Systems start with units that flow 100-gph (stock to 500hp), upsize to 150-gph or 165-gph systems (up to 800hp) and culminate with a 200-gph kit (800-plus horsepower). While the 100-gph units are popular, the 150-gph and 165-gph systems are most common as they provide room for growth if a diesel owner decides to go beyond the 500hp mark.

FASS is another major player in the aftermarket fuel system game. One of its 150-gph Titanium series units for a Duramax application is shown here, which supports trucks making between 600 and 900hp.

Diesel Lift Pumps

Because the Duramax-powered GM’s didn’t come from the factory with a lift pump, adding one of these systems alone can greatly improve the life of the injection pump, not to mention add a few ponies. For this very reason, bolting a lift pump system to the framerail is one of the first modifications that Duramax owners make.

For most fuel system installs, dropping the tank is a requirement for an aftermarket lift pump system install. This is especially true for fuel systems that employ what’s known as a draw straw, or suction tube (pictured), which is what the lift pump pulls fuel through. 

Diesel Lift Pumps

To get away from potential “low fuel in tank” issues (where a draw straw simply cannot reach the fuel on the bottom of the tank), many enthusiasts resort to a sump setup. Fuel tank sumps install in the lowest point on the tank and allow all diesel present to be scavenged for the lift pump to use.

Diesel Lift Pumps

A bonus is that most sump kits can be installed without dropping the tank and can be had for less than $200.

If you know which lift pump, what diameter and length fuel hose and fittings you’ll need, piecing together your own electric lift pump system can be a lot of fun. However, if you go this route, know that the entire system needs to revolve around the lift pump you choose and what its requirements are. For instance, with the system pictured being based around using an Aeromotive A1000 pump, its builder made sure the pump mounted below as close as possible to the fuel tank and that -10 fuel hose was used to supply fuel to the inlet of the pump.

Diesel Lift Pumps

In these kinds of DIY jobs (and when a serious pump like an A1000 is being used), the fuel return side should be upsized as well. On most trucks, you can repurpose the factory supply fitting atop the tank as the return (being that this fitting’s diameter is usually larger).

One of the best ways to showcase all the benefits of an electric lift pump system can be found when one is installed on a ’94.5-’97 7.3L Power Stroke. These engines came with a cam-driven, mechanical lift pump that sat under the turbocharger in the lifter valley.

Diesel Lift Pumps

It’s notorious for only being able to provide 35-to-45 psi of supply pressure to the injectors, not to mention causing premature wear on the cam lobe that’s used to drive the pump. An electric fuel system rids the valley of the mechanical pump, mounts an electric pump along the frame rail, and supplies 65 psi of fuel pressure (what is recommended on the 7.3L engine) to the injectors. The result is a longer service life from the injectors and an engine that sees a bump in horsepower.

For folks making big power with their diesels, the A1000 fuel pump from Aeromotive is a popular option.

Diesel Lift Pumps

This pump (which is diesel fuel rated) calls for massive, 5/8-inch fuel line to feed it, is incredibly durable in both competition and daily use and has proven capable of supporting up to 1,500hp in the gas world. We’ve seen them on countless trucks in the 800-plus horsepower range, as well as on dozens of daily drivers (our own 550hp ’97 F-350 being one of them).

Now learn about the perfect Dodge Ram build for every diesel enthusiast.


Global Rallycross 2016 Finale: Battle at the Port of Los Angeles

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What do you imagine when you hear of Subarus flying through the air and 600-horsepower Volkswagen Beetles sliding around corners, banging doors with turbocharged Civics, driven by the likes of Tanner Foust, Brian Deegan and Scott Speed? Those images may sound like they're straight out of a "Fast and Furious" scene, but they aren't.

This is Red Bull Global Rallycross.

Red Bull Civic

Battleship, LA

For 12 rounds, these sport compacts have been going head-to-head on racetracks all over the country. Recently, Global Rallycross (GRC) made its way to the Port of Los Angeles for the season finale to determine a champion.

Port of Los Angeles

Civic Enters the Battlegrounds

Honda was a new entry this season with the Honda Red Bull OMSE Civic, reaffirming the Civic’s "race car" status. 20 years ago, you would've never thought you could get a turbo Civic from off the showroom floor, let alone see one that competes in Rallycross with 600 horsepower and the ability to do 0-60 in 2 seconds.

Red Bull GRC Civic

Battle of the Beetles: Speed vs. Foust

The big story at the Finale was around which VW driver would be crowned GRC Champion. The Volkswagen Andretti Team’s Beetles driven by Scott Speed and Tanner Foust have dominated the series since their introduction in 2016.

Separated by only 6 points, who would claim the title?

Tanner Foust

Would it be defending champ, Speed?

Scott Speed

Or fan favorite, Foust?

Foust was second going into the finale and had a nearly perfect season with a GRC record of over 20 consecutive first place finishes (including qualifying pole positions and first place finishes in heats, semifinals and finals).

Austin Dyne

Semifinal A

In Semifinal A, Speed had eked out a win by passing Steve Arpin’s Eneos-sponsored Fiesta ST in one of the last turns of the last lap.

Steve Arpin

Semifinal B

In Semifinal B, there was contact between Foust and Deegan that resulted in a controversial penalty for Foust. Missing the podium, Foust was forced into the Last Chance Qualifier for a spot on the grid for the final. This scenario closed the gap between Speed and Foust to a mere 4 points. The championship would go to whoever finished higher in the final.

Tanner Foust and Brian Deegan

12 Cars, 12 Laps, 1 Final Chance

With all 12 cars on the grid, the stage was set for the 12-lap final. In turn 1, Patrick Sandell’s Fiesta ST had the lead on Speed’s Beetle; meanwhile, Metal Mulisha’s Deegan was charging hard from behind in his NOS Energy Drink Fiesta.

GRC finish line

While all eyes were on the championship chase going on up front, Austin Dyne only had his eyes on the hood of his Fiesta—it had flipped up blocking most of his windshield.

Austin Dyne

Earlier this year, David Higgins set a record time at the Isle of Man; this past weekend, he drove half a race with just three tires.

David Higgins

With two laps left, Speed dove into P1, taking the lead from Sandell. But as quickly as Speed held P1, he unfortunately lost it to Deegan in the Joker Lap. (Check out Deegan's winning pass in this GoPro video posted by @RedBullGRC on Twitter.)

Brian Deegan in the lead

By the time the checkered flag was dropped, it was 1, 2, 3—Deegan, Speed, Sandell. Ford, VW, Ford.

Brian Deegan

Speed Still Wins

This was Deegan's first GRC win since 2011, but it was Speed who claimed the ultimate victory, defending his Championship title. Foust had just missed the podium by 6 points, finishing fourth.

GRC Podium with champagne

Congratulations to the 2016 Red Bull Global Rallycross Champion, Scott Speed!

Scott Speed, champion of GRC

Want more Red Bull action? Watch drifter "Mad Mike" Whiddett slide his BADBUL in this insane video! #ConquerTheCape

Talking Shift_04 LIVE: Cummins Cuties & Grocery-Getter

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Welcome to episode 4 of our weekly series Talking Shift– our very first LIVE segment! If you didn't catch all our shift talking Live on Facebook, you can watch it in the video below:

1. Cummins Cuties

ALI: Our resident diesel truck expert Mike McGlothlin always comes back with the wildest diesel rigs from events. This dual Cummins engine setup is said to still be a work in progress, but I am dying to know how this is going to pan out.

dual Cummins engine

KRISTIN: That's a lot of torque in that engine.
JONATHAN: That's...what...she said?
KRISTIN: I'm not as familiar with diesel engines as other engines, but this looks like what I keep my coffee on my counter in. I want to lift up the lid and make some tea. So cute.
JUSTIN: You can call them cuties. Because there's two of them.

 

2. Grand-Slammed

JONATHAN:“Back in my day, we had to drive through snow, barefoot and up hills in order to lower our cars with springs. Millennials with your air suspension!”

@wutcamber

(Photo: @wutcamber)

JUSTIN: Only in Georgia...
ALI: I can't believe it has a Georgia plate. That's more of a SoCal thing.
JUSTIN: For what it's worth, that parking does look like a SoCal person... Totally off the line right there.
KRISTIN: I would rather see that old guy driving in a car like this... Kind of like the "Two Grannies, One Lambo" video. That was so good.

 

3. Late Bloomer

KRISTIN: $990, a garage and a dream. This “Golden Rod” was built in 1952 to race Bonneville, and it’ll be roaring to life again this weekend at The Race of Gentlemen's first West Coast event. I can’t wait to hear it fire up and drag race down the seashore!

1952 Golden Rod

(Photo: Joe Fontaine)

ALI: Golden Rod. Isn't that what they used to call the car on SNL's cartoon skit "The Ambiguously Gay Duo"?
JONATHAN: A Golden Rod is coming out of hiding.
JUSTIN: Isn't "goldenrod" a flower? (It is.) I guess you could say it's blooming at The Race of Gentlemen.

 

4. So Much Shift

ALI: This was emailed to me by a friend. It shows what appears to be a late-model Ram with a steering column shifter and a console shifter. I don’t know why or how or if it’s just a Photoshop to annoy people, but it seems to be making its rounds on forums and other blog sites.

column shifter and console shifter

JUSTIN: Yo dawg, I heard you like to shift so we put a shifter next to your shifter so you can shift while you shift.
KRISTIN: My '55 Studebaker also has a column shifter and a floor shifter in it.
JONATHAN: Okay. So it's not as uncommon as we think.

 

5. Hurricane Matthew Prep

JUSTIN: How much do you love your daily driver? This guy drove his BMW E30 into this living room to protect it from Hurricane Matthew.

@jalilsup

(Photo: @jalilsup)

KRISTIN: Who would park their car in their house? I would definitely—well, I kind of live in a garage, so I guess I already do.
JONATHAN: I would park my car in the house even if there was no impending trouble from Mother Nature.
ALI: Sea turtle.

 

6. No-Road Caddy

KRISTIN: You’d think when I say “Caddy,” I’m talking about a car with ridiculously big fins – but not this time! It’s a 1981 Volkswagen Caddy. I’m out of car space in my garage, but lately I keep toying with the idea of adding a pickup or off-road capable vehicle. This would serve neither of those purposes well, but it sure is cool!

1981 VW Caddy

(Photo: Bring a Trailer)

JONATHAN: That barely looks like it could stay on-road, never mind trying to go off-road...
ALI: No. Buy a Jeep.
JUSTIN: A VW Golf, a VW Caddy... I feel like we should all go hit the clubs in a little bit. And I don't mean party clubs. Sorry, Jonathan.
KRISTIN: Clubs?
JUSTIN: To go golfing! It's all golf terms!

 

7. Grocery-Getter

JUSTIN: Haters will say it’s photoSHOP’d. The shopping cart is so amazing I completely forgot about the widebody 350Z in the back. I want to drive the shopping cart!

widebody 350z and shopping go-cart

KRISTIN: I would drive this at King of The Hammers before I would drive that other VW.
JONATHAN: I don't think I could fit inside the shopping cart.
ALI: I think I would have gone with a Lowe's shopping cart. They have more championships under their belts.

 

8. JDM-Approved Trailhunter

JONATHAN: Leave it up to our friends at Speedhunters to shock us with their SEMA project. Keith Charnovia’s FJ60 “Trailhunter” rendering is all sorts of awesome. I think this is pretty damn cool, and I don't normally find off-road vehicles that cool. But this is something I would totally drive.

Trailhunter on Nitto Ridge Grapplers

(Photo: @speedhunterskeith)

KRISTIN: You would drive this?
JONATHAN: I would totally drive this.
JUSTIN: I will hunt for this at SEMA.
ALI: Needs more stickers.

 

Talking Shift Editors

Stay tuned next week for another episode of Talking Shift. Make sure to "like" us on Facebook to be notified when we go LIVE!

2016 Formula Drift Irwindale Finals Top 32 Play-by-Play

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Formula Drift caps off their 13th season with a trip to the fabled “House of Drift” track at Irwindale Speedway. Irwindale has played host to the final round of the championship in each of the previous 12 seasons, and although there are mumblings of the track possibly closing in the near future to make way for a shopping mall, the track is internationally heralded as one that requires drivers to be at their peak driving performance to earn the win.

This year, Irwindale's somewhat iconic track layout on the ½-mile banked oval was slightly modified.

The counter-clockwise entry into the traditional turns three and four of the NASCAR layout allows the drifters to get up to around 80 to 85 mph before flicking the car sideways. Drivers were asked to stay high on the bank for as long as possible, with an outside zone towards the end of turn four before hitting an inside clip at the exit of the bank and switching back to an inner clipping point on the traditional start/finish line facing the fans.

This year’s switchback clipping point was moved towards the grandstands, which makes the transition less dramatic and allows the drivers to carry more speed into the inner bank. Transitioning into the inner bank, drivers were asked to ride the inner bank wall for substantially longer than in past years, and the exit of the outside bank was extended much further before hitting an inside clip at the foot of the bank and extending the drift along the flat infield asphalt.

This year’s finish line was moved much later onto the flat infield, which required drivers to show car control by maintaining drift for much longer than previous years, causing a handful of them to lose qualifying scores due to their inability to hold their drift past the painted finish line.

Friday’s qualifying session featured dramatically changing conditions: the combination of the hot sun and a recent late-model race provided an unparalleled level of grip during the day, while the cooling conditions past dusk required drivers to drastically adjust their setup to keep up with the changing level of grip.

Typically, the top five to ten drivers will earn scores in the 90s, but this time, the highest qualifying score was 89 points, awarded to Dai Yoshihara in his Subaru BR-Z. Ryan Tuerck and Forrest Wang were close behind with 88 points and 86 points respectively, with 2016 championship leader Chris Forsberg slotted into fourth place with 85 points. Championship hopefuls Fredric Aasbo (11th) and Vaughn Gittin Jr. (13th) lost ground on Forsberg by qualifying lower than him, but they still have a shot at the championship in the event that Forsberg gets knocked out early. Forsberg and Gittin Jr. will have the opportunity to battle in the Top 16 should they both win their first round Top 32 tandem battles, so it will be interesting to see how the championship race plays out.

In total, only 29 drivers put up a score in qualifying to lock in their spot for the tandem battles, meaning that we will only have a “Top 29” in the first round, and the top three qualifiers will earn a bye run.

 

AIR FORCE TOP 32

Dai Yoshihara – Bye Run

YOSIHARA LEAD – Yoshihara puts down a run that looks to be around 85 percent of his qualifying run, staying a little conservative on the big bank, but otherwise running a strong one, putting on a show for the fans. Yoshihara has qualified well at Irwindale in past years, and a win at the final event of the season would help make an impact on current and future sponsors, sending the message that he is set up for a serious run in 2017. He is also looking to help cement a tire championship for Falken Tire, which hasn’t seen season-ending honors since 2011.

Geoff Stoneback vs. Robbie Nishida

STONEBACK LEAD – Stoneback with a good initiation, Nishida initiates a moment later and is around a car length behind Stoneback shortly after initiation. Stoneback extends the lead to about two car lengths by mid-bank, and is much higher on the wall around the big bank. Nishida is lower as they exit the bank, loses another car length or two across the start/finish line switchback, and continues both a shallow line and steering angle through the inner bank. Stoneback likely has an advantage here.

NISHIDA LEAD – After a false start, Nishida’s car needs to be towed off course. Turns out, something catastrophic broke on his car, and Stoneback will earn the easy win into the Top 16.

Michael Essa vs. Kristaps Bluss

ESSA LEAD – It's battle of the E46 BMWs as they get off the start line cleanly. Essa is quick to initiate and gets the car to full steering angle, while Bluss has several small steering corrections to get the car on the right line, looking very shaky. Essa has around a four-car length lead ahead of Bluss with a much better line around the big bank. Bluss starts to close the gap on the infield; Essa stays on the outside line on the inner bank for too long and is too late to get to inner clip two, which may be a slight deduction.

BLUSS LEAD – Essa initiates from the chase position before Bluss is sideways. Bluss opens up a four or five-car gap through the big bank, Essa closes the gap briefly across the infield switchback, but Bluss has a major steering correction entering the inner bank while Essa looks much smoother. Bluss finishes around four or five car lengths ahead of Essa as they cross the finish line. One judge votes for Bluss, one judge votes for Essa and one judge wants to see a “One More Time” (OMT).

ONE MORE TIME

ESSA LEAD – Essa again initiates much earlier than Bluss, while Bluss initiates around two car lengths behind Essa but closes the gap down to around a half car length by midway through the bank. Essa stays high on the big bank; Bluss is a bit shallower on the line, then backs off to allow Essa to transition across the switchback but loses around four car lengths behind Essa before taking out the switchback clipping point. Bluss closes the gap down pretty well on the inner bank, but Essa is on a much better line and has fewer steering corrections overall.

BLUSS LEAD – As a former champion in this chassis, we always expect the best from Essa. Bluss puts down a lead run that was on par with his qualifying run, but Essa has problems following on the inner bank and loses drift. Bluss has some corrections, but Essa is unable to finish his run and straightens out. Bluss gets the win!

Matt Coffman vs. Juha Rintanen

COFFMAN LEAD – Coffman has a rolling burnout from the start line that turns into a big manji entry into the first turn, very high on the bank. Rintanen uses shallow steering angle to catch up to Coffman mid-bank, but is on a much shallower line. Coffman goes into the inner bank very late and high on the wall; this run almost looks better than any of the previous qualifying runs!

RINTANEN LEAD – Coffman has had a record year, and all he has to do is put down a conservative run to earn the win. Rintanen is a checkers or wreckers type of driver, but has had corrections in almost every run this weekend. With everything to gain, Coffman just can’t hold it together and crashes out, handing off a gift to his opponent. Rintanen will get the unanimous nod into the Top 16 battles.

Chris Forsberg vs. Faruk Kugay

FORSBERG LEAD – Forsberg lays down a qualifying-level run, while Kugay looks like he’s struggling to keep his car in drift. Kugay had posted on social media that his car was down on power; Forsberg looks like he has a championship to claim. Forsberg is deep on the inner bank and opens up the proximity, while Kugay has many corrections and ultimately appears to be a step behind. The Advantage goes to Forsberg heading into the second run.

KUGAY LEAD – Kugay has a huge manji entry, then loses a ton of angle, then re-initiates again. Forsberg tries to stay behind Kugay but has to slow down substantially to avoid hitting Kugay. Kugay is extremely low on the bank, then gets back into drift and continues the course with several adjustments. Forsberg re-initiates mid-bank after slowing to avoid Kugay and maintains drift through the rest of the course, closing the gap behind Kugay again to stay close towards the end of the track. This run is a catastrophe; Forsberg gets the win vote from all three judges.

Vaughn Gittin Jr. vs. Pat Mordaunt

GITTIN JR. LEAD – Mordaunt is around three car lengths back after initiation, and through the big bank, Gittin Jr. opens it up to around four car lengths across the switchback, keeping the gap fairly large around the entire inside bank. Mordaunt takes a slightly shallower line around the inner bank and closes the gap down to about two car lengths near the end of the inner bank, finishing strongly. This is a good lead run from Gittin Jr, so it's up to him to avoid any major mistakes on his chase run.

MORDAUNT LEAD – Mordaunt initiates around three car lengths ahead of Gittin Jr., almost the same distance as the first run. Mordaunt stays tight to the wall on the inner bank, while Gittin Jr. taps the rear bank and needs to make a major steering correction to keep the car sideways, losing a bit of distance on Mordaunt. By the end of the run, Gittin Jr. has closed down the gap pretty well to Mordaunt, so it will be interesting to see how the judges handle his steering correction behind Mordaunt in chase. One judge votes for Gittin Jr., but the other two judges want to see these guys battle OMT.

ONE MORE TIME

GITTIN JR. LEAD – Gittin Jr. initiates very close to the wall, while Mordaunt is on a shallower line. Mordaunt uses slightly lower steering angle to try and stay close to Gittin Jr., but exits the bank around three car lengths behind Gittin Jr. Mordaunt slows late getting into the inner bank to close the gap down to Gittin Jr. to around two car lengths, staying fairly close through the rest of the bank. Looking at the replay, Gittin Jr. has shallow steering angle around some of the big bank and is also shallow on steering angle through part of the inner bank; it will be interesting to see if the judges give him major deductions for those adjustments.

MORDAUNT LEAD – Mordaunt again initiates a bit shallowly on the bank but allows the car to ride up towards the wall. Gittin Jr. starts around three car lengths behind Mordaunt but closes it down to around two car lengths exiting the bank. Gittin Jr. closes the gap again around the inner bank, but again with some small steering corrections. Two judges again vote for OMT, Gittin Jr. gets one vote. We’ll go for another round!

ONE MORE TIME x2

GITTIN JR. LEAD – Mordaunt initiates his car earlier than Gittin Jr., while Gittin Jr. rubs his rear end on the wall early in the bank, then tagging the wall hard midway through the bank; he is unable to recover from the second hit. Mordaunt slows and avoids contact with Gittin Jr., but this will be a major blow to Gittin Jr.’s championship hopes. If only he can get his car back together, he would probably need Mordaunt to crash or spin in order to get another OMT battle to try and get the win.

MORDAUNT LEAD – Gittin Jr. is unable to get his car repaired, and Mordaunt will move on. This closes Gittin Jr.’s championship chapter. Mordaunt was probably excited to defeat Gittin Jr. for the third time in his career, even if it came at the expense of him crashing his Ford Mustang RTR.

Justin Pawlak vs. Alec Hohnadell

PAWLAK LEAD – Pawlak is high on the wall on initiation. Hohnadell initiates close to Pawlak but loses a ton of ground starting from the middle of the big bank, and is around seven or eight car lengths behind by the exit of the bank. He stops drifting midway through the course; Pawlak continues around the inner bank with plenty of tire smoke and steering angle. He will have a major advantage over Hohnadell.

HOHNADELL LEAD – Hohnadell’s car has been down a cylinder all weekend, and it looks like the engine has decided to make Hohnadell’s chase run to be his final lap of the weekend. Pawlak is given the win into the Top 16 due to Hohnadell’s retirement.

Alex Heilbrunn vs. Kyle Mohan

HEILBRUNN LEAD – Heilbrunn initiates very high on the bank and stays high all the way around the bank. Mohan struggles to keep up, taking a slightly shallower line around the bank but doesn’t close the gap down much. Mohan closes the gap briefly on the inner bank, but has a steering correction midway through the inner bank, which means Heilbrunn will likely have an advantage entering the second run.

MOHAN LEAD – Mohan looks great on the big bank with plenty of angle, while Heilbrunn stays close with him around most of the bank. Mohan extends his lead briefly across the switchback, but shuts it down shortly after entering the inner bank, and Heilbrunn passes him on the outside. There might have been a mechanical issue with Mohan’s car, but at any rate, Heilbrunn will move into the Top 16.

This tandem win locks in Heilbrunn's title as the Rookie of the Year; congratulations to him! What a great way to back up his Pro 2 championship last season, with both accomplishments achieved on Nitto NT05 tires!

Ryan Tuerck – Bye Run

TUERCK LEAD – Tuerck’s team has recently upgraded the turbo on the car and has to adjust the anti-lag to help keep the turbo spooling when off throttle, and now his car has crazy pops and bangs. Tuerck lays down a solid run around the course and will slide into the Top 16 in his new, beautiful green O’Reilly’s livery that would fit in perfectly at a St. Patty’s day celebration.

Ken Gushi vs. “Mad” Mike Whiddett

GUSHI LEAD – Gushi and Whiddett both initiate almost simultaneously; both of these cars are very slow to rotate to angle but look smooth together. Whiddett starts the battle around two car lengths behind Gushi and stays close around the big bank with slightly shallower steering angle than what we have seen from other competitors. Going into the inner bank, Whiddett does a great job maintaining proximity, although he has notably shallower steering angle to stay close. Both cars are emitting plenty of tire smoke, although it appears that Whiddett’s Nittos may be smoking slightly more than Gushi’s tires.

WHIDDETT LEAD – Whiddett initiates a bit earlier than Gushi; he has a steering correction shortly after initiation, but Gushi adjusts well. Gushi sucks in very tightly to Whiddett on his chase as both cars enter into the inner bank, maintaining between one and two car lengths around the entire inner bank. The attacking prowess of Gushi coming off the switchback is very well timed, and he stays very close to Whiddett through the inner bank. This is one of the more exciting chase runs we’ve seen! One judge votes for Gushi; the other two want to see the drivers compete OMT.

ONE MORE TIME

GUSHI LEAD – Whiddett has very shallow angle on the big bank to stay close to Gushi. Coming across the switchback in front of the fans, Gushi dumps a ton of steering angle, then rotates 270 degrees entering the inner bank and ends up facing the wrong way. Whiddett tries to slow down to avoid contact with Gushi, but both drivers end up crashing into each other before hitting the inner bank K-rail. Both cars will likely need a tow off course, so this could be a lengthy cleanup.

WHIDDETT LEAD – Gushi has retired for the day; Whiddett will be given the win into the Top 16.

Tyler McQuarrie vs. Cameron Moore

MCQUARRIE LEAD – McQuarrie initiates very high on the bank, but slides onto a lower line shortly after initiation. Moore is very sloppy on initiation and needs a major steering correction to keep the car sideways; he moves onto a higher line almost at the same time as McQuarrie is moving onto a shallower line, putting him in a good chase position. Moore stays fairly close to McQuarrie around the inner bank, but both drivers have mistakes, which won’t make it easy to decipher which one of them has an advantage after this run.

MOORE LEAD – Both drivers again dip onto a shallower line shortly after initiation, but they both proceed to make almost identical errors. Moore is much deeper along the wall on the inner bank and taps the k-rail barrier near the end of the track, but he maintains drift along the finish line. McQuarrie has some steering corrections on the big bank and shallow steering angle on the inner bank; this is likely going to come down to who made the fewest mistakes, with the judges picking the lesser of two losers. Judges unanimously opt to see the drivers go for a OMT due to all those mistakes.

ONE MORE TIME

MCQUARRIE LEAD – McQuarrie has a great run, much cleaner than his first lead run. McQuarrie has a mid to high line around the big bank with plenty of steering angle. Moore has a slightly shallower line and steering angle through the bank, but keeps around three car lengths of proximity. He closes the gap through the inner bank with shallow angle; McQuarrie stays on a better line through the inner bank and likely has the advantage.

MOORE LEAD – Moore initiates and immediately drops to a lower line. McQuarrie sucks in tightly to Moore as they cross the switchback. Moore gets out on the wall on the inner bank, while McQuarrie takes a much shallower line with much shallower steering angle and narrowly avoids straightening out completely. He continues with good pressure on the inner bank, while Moore has a few steering corrections but stays sideways with more angle. All three judges side with McQuarrie, who had fewer corrections overall.

Charles Ng vs. Jhonnattan Castro

NG LEAD – Ng maintains around two to three car lengths ahead of Castro around the big bank. Castro has a shallower angle to try and catch up, but Ng keeps the lead with bigger angle. Ng maintains big angle across the switchback. Castro has very shallow steering angle after the transition on the inner bank, while Ng has big angle and is much closer to the wall. Castro closes the gap via a shallower line, but Ng has the better run overall. Ng likely has an advantage going into the second run.

CASTRO LEAD – Castro has a good run around the bank; Ng starts around three car lengths back and slowly closes the gap on the big bank. Castro is smooth across the switchback; Ng sucks in even tighter on the inner bank and nearly touches Castro’s rear bumper near inner clip two. Looking at the replay, there are some steering corrections from both drivers, but the aggression and proximity from Ng are quite impressive. All three judges side with Ng to move into the Top 32.

Forrest Wang – Bye Run

WANG LEAD – Wang is in his backup S14 as he had a major engine failure in his main S15 competition car on Thursday. Wang piloted this S14 into a third place qualifying position, so don’t underestimate his ability to compete in this chassis. Wang lays down a solid run and will begin to prepare for the opening ceremonies and Top 16.

Odi Bakchis vs. Pat Goodin

BAKCHIS LEAD – Bakchis has a smooth initiation and his car is quick to get to angle, which the judges like to see. Goodin is very late to initiate and has shallow angle through most of the bank. Goodin closes the gap by the end of the bank, but closed the gap with fairly shallow angle. Bakchis did what he needed to do, Goodin struggled to keep the battle close but looks strong overall. It feels like Bakchis has an advantage, but it’s not too much for Goodin to overcome in his lead.

GOODIN LEAD – Again, Goodin is late to initiate, but stays high on the bank and may have been the first to actually rub his bumper on the wall without crashing. Bakchis closes the gap and has good steering angle. Both drivers finish the run strong with tons of tire smoke lingering around the track now more so than it was earlier in the day. All three judges side with Bakchis, and one judge explains on the PA system that the late initiation by Goodin was a major deduction and a big part of why they voted for Bakchis.

Matt Field vs. Kenny Moen

FIELD LEAD – Field has good steering angle and a great line around the bank. Moen initiates late and almost immediately closes the gap from around three car lengths down to just a single car length shortly after initiation; he keeps good proximity around the big bank while still on the high line. Field opens up the proximity gap by a few car lengths across the switchback, then takes the high line around the inner bank as requested from the judges. Moen is on a shallower line and closes the gap briefly, but Field isn't affected and finishes strongly. It looks like Moen may have lost drift before he crosses the finish line, which will count as a zero against him.

MOEN LEAD – Moen isn’t as high on the bank as Field was in his lead, but has good steering angle. Field stays close to Moen around the bank, then drops back briefly through the switchback and sucks in tight to Moen around the inner bank. Moen takes the low line through the inner bank with very shallow steering angle, Field stays on the higher line as requested from the judges and stays close to Moen who is off the line. Both drivers cross the finish line in drift. All three judges vote for Field to move on.

Fredric Aasbo vs. Dean Kearney

AASBO LEAD – Kearney initiates a car length behind Aasbo and closes the gap down to just a few inches by the middle of the bank in the fastest part of the course! Wow, this is insane! Kearney stays aggressive; Aasbo slowly adds angle and Kearney matches him almost perfectly. Both drivers transition smoothly across the switchback. Kearney gets very aggressive and closes the gap on Aasbo, but is closing too fast and has to spin to avoid contact. Aasbo maintains drift and finishes the course cleanly. Looking at the replay, there is a huge difference in the amount of tire smoke coming from both cars across the switch back; Aasbo has much less smoke and is clearly slowing while Kearney looks to be full throttle and accelerating. This will be a huge advantage to Aasbo.

KEARNEY LEAD – Kearney has a much smoother lead run. Aasbo initiates around two car lengths behind Kearney and keeps a similar proximity through the entire track. Aasbo briefly backs off across the switch back, then closes the gap again into the inner bank and mirrors Kearney nicely all the way around the inner bank. Had Kearney avoided the spin on his chase run, this likely would have gone for a OMT, but with the spin, it’s too much for Kearney to overcome. All three judges vote for Kearney.

 

FORD TOP 16

Before the Top 16, 28 young men and women are sworn into service with the Air Force Academy, and we hear a rousing live rendition of the National Anthem. During driver’s introductions, Dai Yoshihara earns a big fat check from Black Magic for being the top qualifier.

Fredric Aasbo and Chris Forsberg are the final competitors for the championship. While Forsberg holds his own fate in his hands, Aasbo needs some help from his competitors to take home his second consecutive championship.

Yoshihara vs. Stoneback

YOSHIHARI LEAD – Yoshihara with another good initiation, Stoneback on a slightly shallower line but good steering angle. Stoneback maintains around a two-car gap around the big bank. Yoshihara extends a slight lead ahead of the switchback, but Stoneback closes the gap back up to around two car lengths entering the inner bank. He closes the gap even more midway through the inner bank and puts some pressure on Yoshihara around the last turn, but overall a pretty strong run from both drivers.

STONEBACK LEAD – Stoneback with a feint entry, Yoshihara hot on his tail around a car length back from Stoneback through most of the big bank. Both drivers are shallower on their line around the bank, but with good proximity. Stoneback taps the wall on the inner bank and has to make a steering correction to stay sideways, but keeps control. Yoshihara closes the gap around the final turn and looks like he’s about to spin out before the finish line, but he keeps the car in drift enough to satisfy the judges. All three judges vote for Yoshihara to move on.

Bluss vs. Rintanen

RINTANEN LEAD – Bluss and Rintanen initiate almost simultaneously, Bluss is hot on Rintanen shortly after initiation but requires a lot of steering corrections through the big bank to stay close to Rintanen. Both drivers aren’t as smooth, Rintanen gets deeper both in the big bank and again on the inner bank, Bluss had good proximity at times, but the amount of corrections he needed to maintain that proximity is not impressive.

BLUSS LEAD – Bluss initiates pretty early, but takes a lower line through the first portion of the big bank before getting back up towards the wall. Rintanen has shallow angle and a mid to high line through the bank but very shallow steering angle on the switchback and isn’t very close through the inner bank. Both drivers with very shaky runs, but Bluss appears to have the better line around the track on both runs. One judge votes for Bluss, the other two vote for a OMT battle.

ONE MORE TIME

RINTANEN LEAD – Bluss again initiates a few feet from Rintanen, but has to make several steering adjustments in the first portion of the course to avoid hitting Rintanen. Rintanen has a higher line on most of the bank, while Bluss has a shallow line and many corrections. Rintanen has an adjustment entering the inner bank, but overall has a much smoother run with fewer corrections and a better line than his opponent.

BLUSS LEAD – This is almost a mirror image of the other run, with Rintanen making several corrections shortly after initiation and Bluss on the higher line. Both drivers have a few correctiong through the bank although Bluss looks much more stable on his line, Rintanen closes the gap aggressively across the switchback but then backs off for most of the inner bank. A lot of corrections from both drivers, this feels like a game of “biggest loser” where judges need to pick the driver who had the fewest corrections. Two judges vote for Rintanen, one judge votes for Bluss. Rintanen gets the win, but it’s not pretty.

Forsberg vs. Mordaunt

FORSBERG LEAD – Forsberg again shows why he’s a two-time champion with an impressive line around the bank, much higher on the wall than the previous runs. Mordaunt initiates around three car lengths behind Forsberg and has a few small steering corrections through the big bank, but loses another car worth of proximity. Forsberg stays deep into the outside zone on the inner bank; Mordaunt briefly closes the door to around three car lengths behind Forsberg, but can’t keep that through the inner bank.

MORDAUNT LEAD – Mordaunt has a slight manji I entry. Forsberg starts around three car lengths back from Mordaunt on initiation, and quickly closes it down to around two car lengths by midway through the bank. Both drivers look smooth through the big bank; Mordaunt briefly opens the lead up across the switchback, then closes it again after the switchback. Forsberg closes too fast, slams on the brakes and ends up crashing into the K-rail barrier. Whoa, this is a major mistake from the championship leader!

Replay shows that Mordaunt slows in an area that is listed as a deceleration zone in the drivers meeting, which is fully expected and permitted. Looks like Forsberg is too anxious to close the gap, and isn’t able to adjust accordingly. Forsberg needs to be towed off; judges vote for Mordaunt to move on. For Aasbo to win the championship, he must make the final round. Anything less, including a third place finish, would give Forsberg the championship win.

Pawlak vs. Heilbrunn

PAWLAK LEAD – Pawlak with a snappy initiation, Heilbrunn is shallow on angle on initiation but slowly adds angle. Pawlak looks great through the course, rubbing the wall on the top of the big bank like it’s nothing. Heilbrunn has several steering corrections on the big bank, Heilbrunn is way shallow on his line exiting the bank and ends up shutting the car down midway through the inner bank, which will definitely give him a zero. Looking at the replay, Heilbrunn may have had a double initiation, which would also have earned a zero. Heilbrunn needs a tow to get off the course and will have to call his competition timeout.

HEILBRUNN LEAD – Heilbrunn is unable to fix his vehicle, which gives Pawlak a bye run into the next round.

Tuerck vs. Whiddett

TUERCK LEAD – Whiddett is unable to fix his car after the collision with Gushi and won’t be allowed to battle Tuerck in this round. Tuerck takes a full run to get used to the track under the current conditions, and has an impressive amount of smoke on the inner bank. Tuerck has now had two consecutive bye runs, earning 48 championship points solely by proving his car can move on its own power.

McQuarrie vs. Ng

MCQUARRIE LEAD – McQuarrie has one of the smoother runs around the bank, a bit lower on his line but with much more consistent steering angle than most of the previous runs. Ng has shallow line and angle through the bank, but fairly good proximity through the entirety of the bank. McQuarrie has a dynamic transition on the switchback while Ng has very shallow angle, McQuarrie continues on the inner bank with good angle and tire smoke while Ng again has shallower line and steering angle to stay close to McQuarrie. Overall, McQuarrie’s run isn’t a 100-point run due to being shallower on his line, but overall is much smoother than many other lines.

NG LEAD – Ng is late to initiate and very shallow in his steering angle through most of the big bank. McQuarrie is a little conservative on his proximity early in the bank, but closes the gap mid-bank and stays consistent through the end of the bank and across off the switchback. McQuarrie has to dump big angle as he’s closing aggressively on the inner bank, then loses some angle to stay close to Ng around the entire inner bank. A few corrections from both drivers on the inner bank, but overall good proximity from McQuarrie given the inconsistency from Ng. Judges vote for McQuarrie unanimously.

Wang vs. Bakchis

WANG LEAD – Wang is down on power in this car compared to his normal S14, but it hasn’t looked like it’s holding him back at all. He initiates on the high line and carries tons of speed around the top of the bank. Bakchis initiates just behind Wang, and keeps around one car length of proximity around the entire bank on just a slightly shallower line. Wang shows tons of steering angle across the switchback and opens the gap up to around three car lengths; Bakchis quickly closes that gap down again entering the inner bank. He has a steering correction midway through the inner bank and loses a lot of angle, but maintains drift and gets back to full steering lock within one car length of Wang. That will likely be a small deduction from Bakchis; the pressure will be on Wang to keep his composure in his chase run.

BAKCHIS LEAD - Bakchis attempts to enter, but loses drift almost immediately and Wang nearly collides with him—not once, but twice. On replay, it looks like Wang actually taps Bakchis when attempting to slow down as Bakchis slides down the track after failing to initiate. Bakchis and his team indicate that they had an issue on initiation; Wang will be given the win based on Bakchis not being able to complete his lead run.

Field vs. Aasbo

FIELD LEAD – Field with a good initiation, a slight correction mid-bank from Field to add some angle to his line. Aasbo starts about two car lengths behind Field, but closes it down to a single car length by midway through the bank. Field is on a good line with good steering angle and Aasbo hot in chase, both drivers transition smoothly across the switchback, Field is tight on the wall through the inner bank as Aasbo sucks in tightly right towards the final outside zone at the exit of the inner bank and collides with Field! Whoa, this is a championship-deciding moment! We look through the replay several times over; this area is a deceleration zone, and it looks like Aasbo simply doesn’t account for Field to slow in that area. Aasbo is deemed to be at fault, and Field will be given adequate time to look over his car to ensure nothing is broken before we continue the battles.

AASBO LEAD – Aasbo is quick to angle with tons of smoke on the big bank; Field is never more than car length or two behind Aasbo on the big bank. Field has a small correction midway through the inner bank, but keeps pressure on Aasbo through the entirety of the course. No major mistakes on this run will cause the judges to look back on the first run, and with Aasbo being deemed at fault, he will undoubtedly be knocked out here. Judges scores are in: Aasbo is out. Field wins the battle; Forsberg wins the championship!

Forsberg is lifted on the shoulders of his closest friends, and crew members to celebrate his record third championship; amazingly enough, he did so without winning a single event.

 

NITTO TIRE GREAT 8

Yoshihara vs. Rintanen

YOSHIHARA LEAD – Yoshihara has an early initiation. Rintanen is very shallow on angle after initiation and has several corrections through the big bank. Yoshihara stays focused on his run with good angle and a good line through the course. Rintanen looks shaky and never closes more than three car lengths in proximity. This will likely be an advantage to Yoshihara as his runs are much more consistent and smoother than Rintanen.

RINTANEN LEAD – Rintanen again with shallow angle and middle line through the bank, Yoshihara is around two car lengths behind Rintanen and stays consistent. Yoshihara follows Rintanen’s line, then closes the gap on the inner bank and is within a single car length through the second half of the inner bank to apply pressure and show amazing car control! Yoshihara gets the win, and as the top qualifier, is guaranteed a podium position.

Pawlak vs. Mordaunt

PAWLAK LEAD – Pawlak with a good initiation, Mordaunt a little slow to get his car to angle but relatively good angle. Mordaunt closes the gap before the end of the bank and the switchback, allows Pawlak to transition, then closes the gap again entering the inner bank. Mordaunt stays tight to Pawlak through the inner bank. Pawlak has a steering adjustment or two on the inner bank, so Mordaunt has to adjust accordingly. Mistakes from both drivers, no obvious advantage to either driver.

MORDAUNT LEAD – Mordaunt is again slow to angle on initiation. Pawlak looks to be prepared and enters slowly as well before closing the gap through the big bank. As they exit the big bank, both drivers are within a car length of each other. Pawlak accelerates to close the gap but has to slam on the brakes and spins as he hits the switchback cone in front of the grandstands. Mordaunt continues the course cleanly and gets the win, sending him to his first Final 4 appearance of the season.

Tuerck vs. McQuarrie

TUERCK LEAD – This is the first battle for Tuerck all day as he has had two bye runs on his previous battles. Tuerck doesn’t look rusty as all as he has a great run, high on the wall with plenty of steering angle. McQuarrie starts around three car lengths back, but closes it down to around a single car length by the end of the bank. Tuerck opens up the gap to around three car lengths across the switch back, then McQuarrie tries to close the gap again on the inner bank with little success. Both drivers look smooth through the inner bank, no major mistakes from either driver and relatively decent proximity. This will likely be a slight advantage for Tuerck, but nothing that can’t be overcome by McQuarrie either from a stellar run or a major mistake from Tuerck in chase.

MCQUARRIE LEAD – McQuarrie is very smooth to transition with tons of smoke, Tuerck definitely has a shallower line and angle, but really good proximity. McQuarrie stays consistent on the inner bank, Tuerck again has shallow proximity and line while McQuarrie hits the final inside clip smoothly. Tuerck looks to be nearly spinning out across the finish line but manages to stay in drift. All three judges vote for Tuerck to move into the Final 4.

Wang vs. Field

WANG LEAD - Wang again very quick to angle on initiation while Field is slower to angle but looks more controlled. Wang doesn’t have the optimal line on the bank, but has fewer steering corrections than Field who’s chasing him down. Wang enters the infield bank around three car lengths ahead of Field, Field dives in tight to Wang towards the end of the final outside zone and stays tight around the final turn. This is another run where both drivers make small mistakes and it will come down to how the judges weigh those mistakes.

FIELD LEAD – Field initiates around five car lengths ahead of Wang and keeps that gap around most of the track. Wang uses shallow steering angle and a lower line to try and close the gap on Field, but can’t make up much ground. Field continues his smooth line and angle into the infield and finishes the course strong, while Wang is clearly overpowered and out-gripped in this battle of S14s. All three judges side with Field to move on to his second consecutive Final 4.

 

BLACKVUE FINAL 4

Yoshihara vs. Mordaunt

YOSHIHARA LEAD – Yoshihara has looked dialed all weekend, with a great run on the bank and no steering corrections at all. Mordaunt initiates around two car lengths back but immediately loses another car length in proximity, then closes the gap mostly due to taking a slightly shallower line around the bank. Yoshihara opens up the gap across the switchback, then Mordaunt closes the gap slightly again entering the inner bank. Mordaunt choses to run the high line along the wall instead of trying to take a shallow line, Yoshihara again uses shallow steering angle to suck into Mordaunt on the inner bank and apply pressure, Mordaunt stays focused and finishes the run strongly. All three judges vote for Yoshihara, Mordaunt will be stuck with fourth place as he qualified lower than the other two drivers in the competition.

MORDAUNT LEAD - Mordaunt initiates on a middle line, Yoshihara takes a much lower line and sucks in tight to Mordaunt midway through the bank due to shallower line and angle. Yoshihara adds angle to mirror Mordaunt and continues the run in close proximity to Mordaunt. Both drivers transition in unison across the switchback and stay around a car length or so away as they enter the inner bank. Yoshihara slowly closes the gap down to just inches by midway through the inner bank, using a lot of left foot braking to keep the speed controlled as he closes the gap. This is one of the best chase runs we've seen all day from a proximity perspective, and will likely solidify the run win for Yoshihara! All three judges vote for Yoshihara to move on.

Tuerck vs. Field

TUERCK LEAD – Before this battle can start, Tuerck has to call his competition timeout. There apparently are some issues with his car not wanting to start, they’ve been working through some issues since the Great 8 battle ended. Tuerck is unable to get the car fixed, which gives Field a bye run into the finals. As Tuerck is the higher qualified driver, he will earn the final podium spot over Mordaunt despite only winning a single tandem battle today. Field takes a blast of the course to ensure the car is dialed for the finals.

 

BLACKVUE FINAL ROUND

Yoshihara vs. Field

YOSHIHARA LEAD – Field enters around two car lengths behind Yoshihara, but stays tight to Yoshihara and closes the gap to a single car length by midway through the bank. Yoshihara transitions across the switchback cleanly, Field closes the gap entering the inner bank, both drivers are taking turns making corrections and surging ahead. Near the final outside clipping zone, Field surges ahead one last time and makes contact with Yoshihara, then spins out while Yoshihara continues in drift across the finish line. Yoshihara will have a major advantage entering the next run.

FIELD LEAD – Field initiates smoothly, Yoshihara doesn’t initiate behind him which could be catastrophic for Yoshihara. Both drivers were able to complete their lead runs, which gives the judges an opportunity to make a decision based solely on the lead runs. Looking at a side-by-side replay, both lead runs actually look quite similar. Two judges vote for a One More Time, the other judge votes for Yoshihara. We aren’t done yet; we have a OMT!

ONE MORE TIME

YOSHIHARA LEAD – Yoshihara initiates into the first corner, which is an accomplishment in itself. Yoshihara looks good around the big bank, Field is about three car lengths behind Yoshihara through the bank. Both drivers transition across the switchback smoothly, then Yoshihara goes too deep into the inner bank and crashes. Field passes in drift and continues smoothly, but it won’t matter as Yoshihara was the lead car. Yoshihara tries to waive off the tow truck, but can’t get the car started and will have to retire. Field gets the win and becomes the first back-to-back winner since Aasbo in New Jersey and Seattle last season.

FIELD LEAD – Yoshihara and his team can’t get the car back together, so we can’t continue. This is an anticlimactic end to an amazing event. Drivers are called in front of the fans for the results.

Tuerck is announced as the third place winner, his first podium of the season. In second place, Yoshihara claims his second podium of the season, backing up his podium in Atlanta. Field wins his second consecutive event and catapults into fifth place overall in the final season standings, his best career finish. The one-two finish for Falken Tire helps them clinch the tire championship.

The final championship standings have Forsberg winning his third career championship, while Aasbo remains in second place just a season after claiming his first championship. Gittin Jr. clinches third, the fourth time in Gittin’s career he has finished in the top three overall.

Forsberg becomes the first driver to win three championships overall, while also becoming the first driver to win a championship without a single event win. Since no other driver claimed more than three events, Forsberg’s consistency trumped the extreme peaks and valleys that all other drivers faced.

(Photos: TK Akiyama and Jonathan Wong)

Stay tuned for a full gallery from the 2016 Formula Drift Finals coming later this week! In the meantime, catch up on everything FD at DRIVINGLINE.com/DRIFT.

Torque Management: The Best Automatic Transmissions for Diesel Trucks

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Behind every great diesel engine, there’s a strong transmission—or at least, there needs to be. While modern diesel pickups can easily produce 1,000 lb-ft of torque or more with the right modifications, finding a transmission to harness (and then survive) that much twist can be a tall order. After you factor in the added stress of running larger wheels and tires, and the average weight of a crew cab diesel truck tipping the scales at roughly 7,500 pounds, it doesn’t take long for a factory transmission to fail when subjected to four-digit torque numbers.

Over the years, we’ve seen all kinds of transmission failures, including smoked torque converters, burned up clutches, center sections ripped out of flex plates, cracked planetaries and broken input and intermediate shafts. In order to eliminate all of these failure points, aftermarket companies came up with vastly improved (triple disc) torque converters, better clutch materials and flex plates, planetaries and shafts made from exotic, high-strength steels.

diesel transmission

But what’s the best automatic transmission for your truck? Read on to see which ones we recommend for your specific brand.

E4OD/4R100 Four-Speed: 1994.5-2003 Fords

Aside from a few subtle differences, the E4OD and 4R100 transmissions found behind the 7.3L Power Stroke are very similar. In stock form, this four-speed automatic can bite the dust before the 300hp, 600 lb-ft of torque mark, which isn’t a difficult number to achieve. The most notable builders in the E4OD/4R100 world are Brian’s Truck Shop (better known as BTS) and John Wood Automotive. The unit shown below is a Street Performance E4OD from John Wood Automotive.

Ford E4OD/4R100 Four-Speed

It features a triple-disc torque converter (built by TCS Performance to John Wood’s specifications), 300M billet-steel input shaft, cryogenically treated intermediate and output shafts, 4340 billet-steel Overdrive planetary, factory-spec’d BorgWarner clutches with increased clutch count thanks to custom-machined pressure plates and a custom-tailored valvebody. A slew of proprietary tricks are also performed in order to make the transmission live in the 500 to 800hp range (i.e. 1,000 to 1,500 lb-ft of torque).

If you plan to push your 7.3L past the 300 to 350-rwhp mark for any considerable amount of time, it behooves you to look into a complete build.

Quick-Shifting

Chris Buhidar’s triple-turbo’d, 5.9L Cummins powered ’00 F-350 sends 1,500hp through a BTS 4R100. Shifts are set and commanded via a stand alone controller from Powertrain Control Solutions (PCS). It’s been said that the E4OD/4R100 transmission is the quickest-shifting transmission in the diesel segment. Whether that’s true or not, Chris’ 6,150-pound Ford has stormed through the quarter-mile in 9-seconds flat at an incredible 152 mph.

Chris Buhidar's triple turbo 5.9L Cummins-powered 2000 Ford F-350

Beyond this truck, the 4R100 is preferred by many other drag racers, as we’ve seen it mounted behind a host of other Cummins and even Duramax mills.

Five-Speed TorqShift: 2003-2010 Fords

Straight from the factory, Ford’s 5R110 TorqShift was a stout piece of hardware. While the ’08-’10 version of this five-speed automatic (found behind the 6.4L Power Stroke) proved to be a tad stronger, the early version was still capable of handling 1,000 lb-ft of torque. However, if you have goals of pushing past the 550hp to 600hp range with your ’03-’10 Super Duty, the stock slushbox will be on borrowed time.

Five-Speed TorqShift

Elite 5R110

Designed for 6.0L or 6.4L Power Strokes dishing out 800-rwhp or more, Elite Diesel Engineering gets our vote for building a tough-as-nails 5R110. The company’s Stage 5 build entails a Diesel Performance Converters 13-inch, triple disc torque converter, billet-steel input, intermediate and output shafts, along with a billet-steel Overdrive planetary and Low/Reverse hub. The icing on the cake is an extra capacity, deep transmission pan from Mag-Hytec.

Elite 5R110

We have yet to see one of these transmissions fail, other than one occasion where a 1,000-rwhp, 9,000-pound truck began to hop at wide-open throttle.

Six-Speed TorqShift: ’11-present Fords

Like the 5R110 that preceded it, Ford’s 6R140 six-speed TorqShift is one tough customer as well. While it’s been rumored that the “140” portion of the transmission’s name refers to its ability to handle up to 1,400 lb-ft of torque, we’ve yet to see any live at that level for a prolonged period of time. Midwest Diesel & Auto offers both street and competition versions of this slushbox.

Six-Speed TorqShift

Increased clutch count, improved clutch material and a new solenoid body are par for the course in both of its transmission offerings, while competition units come with a brand new transmission pump and an optional Precision Industries torque converter.

Allison 1000: 2001-present Chevy and GMC’s

Without a doubt, the Allison 1000 was a game changer in the heavy duty pickup segment. When it debuted on ’01 model year GM trucks behind the 6.6L Duramax (and 8.1L big block), it marked the first time a medium-duty, commercial grade transmission was offered in any ¾-ton or 1-ton truck. In this transmission, you’ll find the largest input and output shafts of any of the Big Three’s transmission offerings (1.26 inch and 1.75-inch diameters, respectively).

Allison 1000

The Allison 1000 was offered as a five-speed from ’01-’05, but gained a gear starting in ’06. While the Allison can potentially last a million miles when coping with the factory power rating of a Duramax, anytime 100hp or more is added to the equation its lifespan can be shortened, considerably.

Built Allison Options

Arguably, no other company has as much research and development time on the Allison 1000 as SunCoast Converters. From mild to wild, it offers rebuild kits, triple disc torque converters and complete, race-ready transmissions. The company’s GMax-6 kits (for six-speed Allisons, GMax-5 kits for five-speed versions) are extremely popular in 500 to 800hp builds, and these systems entail proprietary Alto and Raybestos frictions, redesigned apply pistons and a custom apply plate.

Built Allison

Other noteworthy builders of reliable and/or competition-ready Allison transmissions are Inglewood Transmission, Goerend Transmission and No Zone Diesel.

Turbo 400: Old Tech That Still Works

Although it is known much better in the gas world, the TH400 three-speed can still be found behind some highly modified diesels. Wade Moody’s Flo-Pro-sponsored rail benefits from one built by Rossler Transmissions (and modified by David Gates at NGM Diesel) with a non-lockup torque converter from ProTorque Converters. The TH400-equipped dragster turns out high 6-second quarter-mile passes in 200 mph territory.

Turbo 400

46RH/47RH/47RE/48RE Four-Speed: 1991.5-2007 Rams

The four-speed automatics found behind the 5.9L Cummins are some of the most commonly modified transmissions in the diesel segment. The reason for this is due to the immense popularity of modifying the Cummins engine (more so than with any other engine in the pickup segment) and the fact that these transmissions are the least adept at handling added horsepower and torque. The factory torque converter is known for its inefficiency and will slip over time, the stock valve body simply does not supply enough line pressure and the input shaft becomes a weak link as early as the 400hp mark.

Companies like Goerend Transmission, SunCoast and Firepunk Diesel offer heavy-duty rebuild kits or full-on transmission builds which address those issues and much more. Whether you use your truck to tow, daily drive or drag race, they can build the perfect transmission for your specific needs.

46RH/47RH/47RE/48RE Four-Speed

68RFE Six-Speed: 2007.5-present Rams

Without a doubt, the 68RFE behind the 6.7L Cummins has been rather disappointing in both stock and aftermarket form. Even though it’s been out for 8 years, very few companies have been able to make this state-of-the-art six-speed live at higher horsepower. The 68RFE’s laundry list of failure points include the transmission pump not producing enough line pressure, an exploding Low/Reverse sprag, a weak Overdrive drum and several valvebody issues. Even with these problem areas addressed in the current aftermarket units, a ’07.5-current Ram making 700hp or more is still considered by most to be on borrowed time if driven hard.

Recently, we’ve started to hear good things about the Signature 850 transmission (rated to handle 850hp) from RevMax Converters, which could potentially be one of the only worthwhile “built” 68RFE’s on the market.

68RFE Six-Speed

Torque Converter Technology

There is no equal to a well designed, precision built torque converter, and in a high torque diesel application it’s imperative. Large custom lock-up clutches, billet stators, furnace-brazed internals, and additional damping springs can be found in today’s aftermarket, triple disc converters in order to get them to both perform and survive. In the aftermarket, torque converter stall speed is of great importance as well and it needs to be matched with the engine’s turbocharger(s). Trucks with slight turbo upgrades or small compound turbo arrangements typically require a lower stall speed than stock, while large single turbo, high-rpm or competition-only engines are usually paired with a higher stall converter. A cutaway of aFe Power’s F3 converter is shown below.

Torque Converter Tech

 

TCM Tuning

With today’s automatic transmissions being as technologically advanced as they are, transmission control module (TCM) tuning is more important than ever. As a general rule of thumb, well-rounded TCM tuning increases line pressure to firm up shift points, improves torque converter lockup (when the converter couples to the engine), minimizes de-fueling, reduces turbo lag, lowers exhaust gas temperatures and makes for a more drivable (fun) truck.

TCM Tuning

Now, learn how to manage your diesel's EGR to keep it running efficiently.

Date With a '67 Nova: 1,100 Horses Plus a Windy Mountain Road

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There's nothing quite like cruising through the mountains in a classic car. The curves seem a bit sharper, the air a little crisper and the views are unbeatable! But before going for a ride, let me introduce you to the story of this beautiful 1967 Nova.

1967 Nova - John Backes

Falling in Love With Chevrolet

It’s owned by 71-year-old John Backes, a lover of anything with wheels and plenty of horsepower. Though Backes has loved cars since before he could drive, he didn’t truly fall head-over-heels in love until the ’67 Chevy models came out. And then it was love at first sight.

Returning from serving in the Vietnam War, Backes purchased his first ’67 Chevy – a Chevelle. After racking up 15,000 miles on the odometer, he sold it to a friend. That was years ago. Never abandoning his love for ‘67s, fast forward to 2016, and Backes has another one on his hands, although this time, it's a beast of a Nova.

1967 Nova - John Backes

1967 Chevy Nova Custom Build

Built by Backes over the past five years, some of the final work waiting to be done is where he makes a living, owning an upholstery shop. He and his son will be wrapping up the final bits of the Nova’s interior this winter, but that doesn’t stop them from enjoying the car now. This '67 Nova is everything a performance muscle car fan could want and then some.

1967 Nova - John Backes

Built using an all-glass body by Venom, the Nova features a 1-inch chop, custom front-hinge hood with cowl, custom tail panel insert, shaved door handles and badges, and a classic bright red paint scheme with a grey center stripe. Inside, you'll find a custom dash cover with red and white stitching, custom door panels in the same order and a completely smoothed dash fit with Autometer gauges.

1967 Nova Interior - John Backes

This Beast of a Nova Takes to the Mountain

A truly menacing-looking muscle car, this bad boy gets attention everywhere it goes, especially on mountain roads. While some cars are all bark and no bite, this Nova can bite where it counts – which is why we had to take it out for a drive just outside Denver, up Colorado’s Lookout Mountain road for all its twists, turns and steep grades.

1967 Nova driving mountain roads - John Backes

Built with a Mustang II front end, a 4-link rearend and coilovers on all four corners, this Nova is built for driving. Out back, the car is equipped with a Ford 9-inch and 3.90 gears to boot, not to mention a Detroit locker and Strange axles. Other vital equipment includes Baer disc brakes and Boyd Coddington Wheels.

1967 Nova - John Backes

Powered by a 555ci Merlin III engine featuring JE Pistons, a COMP roller cam with solid lifters, AFR cylinder heads, an Edelbrock intake, Hooker headers, and to top it all off, a ProCharger supercharger. The Nova had no trouble making its way up a road that even modern vehicles struggle with. Chalk that up to Backes' advanced driving skills, the engine's 1,100hp or a combination of both – but any way you slice it, it's impressive for a 50-year-old car!

Merlin III Engine 555 in a 1967 Nova Engine - John Backes

After a short stop near the top of Lookout Mountain for a photo op, where plenty of admirers also stopped to check out the Nova, we headed back down the road. But we weren’t done yet...

1967 Nova - John Backes

Not Quite the End of the Story...

Unable to truly let the car breathe on the winding mountain roads, we took to the highway on our way back into town, aiming to experience a little more “oomph” from the engine. With 1,100hp at hand, the Nova had no trouble getting up to 60mph in seconds – proving, not only to us but everyone around, that this is one badass Nova!

1967 Nova - John Backes

With our date complete, you might be wondering what ever happened to that '67 Chevelle Backes had so long ago. He says that he’d recently been contacted by the friend he sold the car to years ago with the opportunity to buy it back. Not only is the original title still in Backes’ name, it doesn’t have a single additional mile put on it! Sounds like an opportunity Backes can't and won't pass up!

1967 Nova - John Backes

Love Chevy? Here's another fine specimen for your inspiration!

JKS 2.5 Jeep Wrangler Suspension Review [Video]

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Jeep got plenty of things right when it moved to the Wrangler JK platform in 2007. With better steering, axles and suspension, both the two- and four-door Unlimited models make for an extremely easy-to-build and versatile platform. Recently, we shoehorned on a set of 35x12.50R17Nitto Ridge Grapplers under our ’13 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Rubicon. Given the relatively small budget boost it was running, we experienced a fair amount of rubbing from the tires off-road.

We prefer to keep our Jeeps with a low amount of lift for the benefit of maintaining a low center of gravity. The challenge with the JK is often how to balance the ride quality and performance at such a low lift height. Looking to give our 35’s more breathing room and enhance the ride quality, we decided to install a 2.5-inch JKS Suspension System. The JSEPC suspension is ideal for our application, where a modest lift height is sought, but on- and off-road ride quality is extremely important.

To get our JK lifted and trail-ready, we took it to the Jeep gurus at Low Range 4x4 in Wilmington, North Carolina. There, the team knocked out the lift in just a few hours. In addition to the video above, we’ve highlighted parts of the install below.

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The JKS 2.5-inch Suspension System gives you everything you need to properly lift the ’07-’16 Wrangler. Depending on how you plan to use your Jeep, JKS has an assortment of upgrades and options you can choose from. Items such as a the J-Link lower control arms (pictured) and even remote-reservoir Fox shocks can all be added on at the time or upgraded to later. 

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Handling the front lift are JKS dual-rate coil springs, which are designed to balance on-road comfort and off-road performance. Working with the coils are JSPEC series Fox 2.0 shocks, which were specifically valved for the JK. Moderating the front suspension is a bumpstop extension that bolts at the base of the coil bucket.

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To ensure the front axle is properly centered, JKS provides an adjustable front track bar. Comprised of 1½-inch, 3/8-inch-wall DOM tubing, the CNC formed track bar is fit with rubber bushings at each end for secure and clank-free action.

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JKS is probably best known for its Quicker sway bar disconnects. This setup uses quick-release pins to allow you to easily remove the links when you are ready to hit the trail. Even though our Rubicon is equipped with an electronic sway bar disconnect from the factory, the bar is speed limited, which means it will automatically reconnect above a given mile-per-hour. Since there are times when we want to go fast off-road without the sway bar connected, the JKS Quicker Disconnects gives us the freedom to choose.

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One option we highly recommend if you plan on routinely ‘wheeling your JK is JKS’s rear track bar reinforcement bracket. The weld-on steel bracket is ideal for making sure this known trouble spot won’t be an issue when you’re traveling far beyond the blacktop.

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The JKS rear track bar bracket uses a U-bolt in addition to multiple tie-in points to attach to the axle. We especially like this style of bracket as it raises the track bar at the axle side. The advantage of doing this is that it increases the roll-center of the vehicle. While that might sound like a bad thing, it isn’t. By raising the rear track bar, you are effectively increasing the stability both on-road and off. 

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Wrapping up the lift out back are dual-rate lift coils and Fox 2.0 JSPEC series shocks. A bumpstop bracket on the rear axle ensures that our 35’s won’t travel too far north, while new HD sway bar links allow us to retain stability with the stock rear sway bar.

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Another point of failure we’ve seen on the JK are the stock lower control arms. Since we’re sure our setup will encounter rocky trails, we wanted an arm that could take the abuse. Both the JKS J-Link lower arms are built from 2-inch, 0.250-wall DOM and paired with premium Clevite bushings at each end. To keep front axle’s caster in check, the fixed-length J-Link front lowers are 3/8-inch longer than stock.

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If your JK is a 2012 or newer model, you’ll likely need the JKS Exhaust Extension Kit (SKU: 8150). This is necessary to create additional clearance between the front driveshaft and the passenger side exhaust crossover tube.

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Ridge Grapplers

We’re running 35x12.50R17 Nitto Ridge Grapplers on 17x9 Jesse Spade wheels from Rugged Ridge. This setup fits JKS’s recommendations for clearance as well as the needs of our Jeep. As we roll on the miles on our new Grapplers, the tires continue to impress. We spent most of our time breaking in our new suspension in muddy conditions and were extremely impressed how well the Ridge’s cleaned out.

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Another area of note for Rubicon owners: If your Rubicon still has the stock rock sliders, we recommend you trim about 1½-inch of the back of the rail. This will prevent the rear tire from contacting the slider.

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Overall, we’re extremely pleased with our new setup. While we have some exciting adventures ahead, we are enjoying the increased ride quality and comfort over the stock setup. Be sure to check back soon as we put our build against some more unforgiving terrain.

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Learn more about our JK’s Nitto Ridge Grapplers and be sure to check out more photos in the gallery below.

 

Shukai San Jose Japantown 2016

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What originally started off as a simple get together for car enthusiasts has blossomed into Shukai, a full-on cultural automotive event that aims to attract attendees to visit one of America's three remaining historical Japantowns, this one taking place in San Jose, California. Headliners, an apparel shop based in this particular Japantown, is the mastermind behind this and, together with Vankulture and wheelsnmeals, are continuously looking to NorCal car enthusiasts for their participation to help grow the event. 

But what does Shukai actually mean? In Japanese, it literally translates to "meeting" or "gathering," but it's a very old term that's not commonly used in Japan these days, except by underground organizations to describe their get-togethers. The show's organizers adopted it since it's largely the main groups within the local car community that are meeting for a common cause.

More than anything, the name Shukai is a way of connecting varying generations of Japanese, both here and back in the motherland.

"I wanted to represent my culture," says Cary Inayoshi, owner of wheelsnmeals. "I went back and forth with my friends in Japan to choose a suitable name [for the show]. They agreed that Shukai would be okay since nobody here really knows what it is. But the funny thing is that after we started, other small "shukai" type events have been popping up around Japan."

In fact, they've also said that until they started using the term Shukai, there were no other associations to cars with it before starting the event four years ago. Sounds like their gatherings/meetings are onto something good...

(Photos: Courtesy of Import Image)

See more from the 4th Annual Shukai San Jose Japantown in the photo gallery below.

 


2016 Formula Drift Irwindale Finals Recap [Gallery]

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Many would agree that the 13th season of Formula Drift ended somewhat unexpectedly, with more crashes, vehicle malfunctions and upsets than would be expected at a "Title Fight." Maybe it was just unlucky season number 13. Or maybe it was simply proof that every round, every run and every point counts, and even the most obvious, predicted outcomes can change with one mistake.

Alex Heilbrunn

However, many would also agree that Chris Forberg's victory is pretty badass. Who doesn't win a single event all season—including this one at Irwindale Speedway—and still emerges as Formula Drift Champion? It appears consistency was king of the year.

Chris Forsberg

Although the outcome is not what Vaughn Gittin Jr. would have ideally hoped for, he nevertheless racked up his fourth career placement in the top 3 overall, which is still something to celebrate. Nitto Tire also scored another victory with newcomer Alex Heilbrunn, who ended up winning the 2016 Rookie of the Year title.

We're sad the 2016 Formula Drift season is over, but catch us next year at the 2017 season opener at the Streets of Long Beach in April!

Vaughn Gittin Jr.

(Photos: TK Akiyama, Justin Pagtalunan, Jonathan Wong)

See the best moments we captured at the 2016 Formula Drift Irwindale Finals in the gallery above, and get our full Top 32 Play-by-Play.

A Kiss of Kyusha: Bryan's FB RX-7

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Love it or hate it, Instagram now plays a major role in automotive culture. Whether people use it to post videos of them ripping huge burnouts "for the 'gram" or as a form of documentation like bite size build threads, almost everyone has some sort of presence on the platform.

Thanks to the widespread adoption of Instagram by automotive enthusiasts, we happened across Bryan Ramirez and his RX-7 and proceeded to drool over his build for a couple months until our schedules aligned to take some photos.

Mazda RX-7 FB Coupe

Breathe In, Breathe Out

A couple of things immediately jump out at you when you see Bryan’s 1983 FB Coupe. The first is the distinct sound. A steady rotary idle of “brrt brrt brrt” emanates from the car, giving away the presence of its rotary 12a powerplant. The engine inhales via DIY intake piping, ported through the front of his IMSA-style front bumper and exhales out two unequal pipes in the rear.

Kyusha Mazda RX-7 FB Coupe Intake

The rear of the car also houses the second and third standouts on this car. Around the bottom of rear hatch is a large IMSA wing that pulls the main bodyline of the car through the rear quarter panels, merges with the side louvers then flicks up to create a sideways-S shape, making the car look fast even while stationary.

Kyusha Mazda RX-7 FB Coupe Spoiler

If you look a bit lower, you’ll find an Olio Fiat rear spoiler inverted and mounted to the bottom of the car in a “diffuser” setup. The setup, when viewed with the exhaust threaded through the diffuser, screams of kyusha influences.

Kyusha Mazda RX-7 FB Coupe Diffuser

Overseas Influences

The influences from his Australian friend Harley and similar old school Japanese builds continue with age and style-appropriate wheels, running SSR Longchamps up front and Advan A3A’s in the rear. These wheels, when paired with the Techno Toy coilovers, fit perfectly in the wheel wells and add a hint of metal on an otherwise completely red and black body.

Kyusha Mazda RX-7 FB Coupe Mountains

The interior is somewhat lacking in frills, which should come as no surprise. A Sparco seat laced with a Takata harness and Sparco steering wheel pretty much wrap up the inside of the car.

Kyusha Mazda RX-7 FB Coupe Interior

Hailing from a small town, it has taken Bryan about two years to get the car to its current form. It grins with a bumper not many people stateside have seen before, rides incredibly low (lower if you include the diffuser), scrapes, bumps, rattles and yet revs up like a good rotary should.

Perfect Imperfections

All told, the coupe isn’t perfect. Yes, the wheels have a slight patina, and maybe the front bumper does have a little road wear, but this car wasn’t built to live out its days as a spotless garage queen. It takes the wear like a quality leather bomber jacket, only adding to the character and attractiveness of the piece.

Kyusha Mazda RX-7 FB Coupe Final

While he may have always wanted a 240Z, we're very glad Bryan came across this RX-7 and injected it with his style. Even if it isn’t draped in brand name parts and high dollar customizations, it still manages to hold it’s own at every show we've run into it. From JCCS to SevenStock, Bryan's coupe stands out as something traditional yet unique. Coincidentally, he could care less about social media points, as he recently deleted his Instagram account (R.I.P. @butterynips). In an era of car guys buying and building cars for Instagram likes, isn’t that distinctiveness refreshing?

Vehicle Specs

OWNER: Bryan Ramirez
LOCATION: Riverside, CA
VEHICLE: 1983 Mazda RX-7 FB
ENGINE: 12A rotary engine
SUSPENSION: Techno Toy Coilovers
WHEELS: 14” SSR Longchamps (front); 14” Advan A3A (Rear)
EXTERIOR: IMSA-style “935” bumper and wing; no-name sideskirts; side louvers; Vitaloni side mirrors; Olio Fiat kyusha diffuser
INTERIOR: Sparco seat and steering wheel; Takata harness; 240sx harness bar; fuzzy dice
THANKS: Bryan would like to thank his good friend Maurice Cea for always having his back whenever he needed a hand with his car.

See more of this RX-7 beauty in the photo gallery below.

 

Suspension Theory With King Shocks

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Whenever you see a truck blast over an obstacle like it's nothing, you might wonder, “How in the heck did the truck survive?” The trick, besides skill and a dash of bravery, is in the suspension. And one of the most important parts of that suspension system are the shock absorbers.

We talked with Trevor Stark, one of the many talented engineers over at King Off-Road Racing Shocks to take a look at what makes an off-road shock unique and examine the different types.

King Shocks

The idea of the shock is to slow and control wheel motion for ride comfort. This is true for both on-road and off, and the way it’s done isn’t that different, too. The core components of a conventional OE-replacement King shock include the following: the shock body, oil, nitrogen gas, a piston that separates the gas from the oil, the shock piston with holes and a flapper valving system on each side and the shock rod attached to that piston.

King Shocks

Nitrogen

The nitrogen gas is there to keep a consistent pressure on the shock oil. This helps prevent cavitation and aeration, which happen when shock oil essentially boils in the low pressure areas of the piston during compression and rebound, which releases gases into the oil. Nitrogen is used because it’s still compressible like air, but is more consistent when temperature changes. If you keep enough pressure on a fluid, you can prevent it from boiling and becoming a gas, much like how the water in your engine doesn’t boil because it’s under pressure. A majority of the time when you feel your non-pressurized shocks fade or act like there is a space of nothing, it's because of cavitation and aeration which makes the oil an inconsistent fluid. So the pressure from the nitrogen and dividing piston prevents the foaming you see happen in non-pressurized shocks.

Nitrogen

Pistons

Now, here is where things start to get different for corner carvers, street trucks and full off-road racing vehicles. The piston and valving design changes for each. Trevor explains what’s going on inside to help us understand:

“You have your working fluid inside the cylinder, and when your tire moves, it displaces the shock shaft, which then displaces the piston, and it moves through the fluid. To understand what’s happening, you should first imagine that there aren’t any holes in this piston and it’s solid. If you were to just have a solid piston and the shaft moves up the cylinder, you’re going to have a high pressure area above the piston and a low pressure area below it. The high-pressure fluid is going to want to find a way to the low pressure area by the path of least resistance, much like electricity. So when there are ports in this piston, the fluid is going to want to flow into those ports and into the low pressure area.”

Piston

Bleed Holes

You probably noticed the small holes on the piston that are not covered by the valves. These are the free bleed holes that King purposely designed.

“The free bleed holes are there to control the chatter you get in some off-road shocks as they move the piston through the fluid,” says Trevor. “It helps smooth out some of the shutter you feel, like as you’re driving along a washboard road, controlling the spikes of movement you get in the hydraulic fluid and improving driving comfort. These holes are mainly effective at low speeds, which we define as 0 to 10 inches/second of shaft velocity.”

piston

Other shock companies may define low speed differently, by the way, but 0 to 10 inches/second is what King considers “low-speed movement.” This is typically where you have gradual movements – like body roll as you corner, brake or accelerate. Hitting a curb, boulder or large pothole is considered a high-speed movement. So sudden movements that the shock encounters (even in the same direction it travels in) is “high-speed.”

"If you’re traveling down the highway in your truck," explains Trevor, "say a 2015 Ford F-150, and you encounter some rough patches in the pavement, you may see 40 inches/second in shaft velocity in the front shocks; that’s how fast your shock shaft is moving up and down. This isn’t as constant as another truck of a different suspension design. A 2000 Jeep Cherokee with solid axles front and rear may see a different velocity at that same point in the road. It will have a one-to-one movement with the rest of the suspension because it’s directly connected to the axle and wheel, whereas the F-150 will have a different motion ratio because of where it’s attached to the control arms.”

Valve Stack

Of course, you do still want to control all of the movement of the piston through the shock fluid, and that’s where the valving washer stack comes in.

Valve Stack

“So you have your piston moving through the fluid and the fluid moving though the ports,” continues Trevor. “On the exit of the ports there are valve washer stacks. Let’s say we’re going through compression, when the shock piston is going inside the cylinder – the high-pressure will flow into this pocket around the rebound washer stack to the low-pressure side and its washer stack. The shock fluid has to force open these washers to flow to the low-pressure side; mechanically, it works as a check valve.”

Since it’s about controlling the high-pressure getting to the low-pressure, that’s why the valving for compression is on the bottom of the piston rather than on top, and vice versa for rebound.

Street vs. Off-Road

So what makes an on-road shock different from an off-road one? Trevor says it all comes down to piston velocity.

“The street shock will typically see shaft velocities of up to 40 inches/second. Your UTV or tube-chassis race truck may have a shaft velocity of 50 to 65 inches/second. A Trophy Truck going through the whoops at 100 mph can be as high as 300 inches/second. When it comes to making a shock work for a particular vehicle, the shaft velocity is the most important thing to look at.

Street vs. Off-Road

“If we’re looking at a street truck and we’re trying to optimize it for the street,” he continues, “we’re not going to tune that shock for anything above 50 inches/second. That’s out of the limits the vehicle is going to see, so you can create an optimal dampening curve based on the valve configuration and even make it non-linear valving. This means that the valving stack will not have a pyramid shape, so you can make it so that at 50 inches/second, it suddenly ramps up the force required to open the stack. If you did the same thing for another vehicle for a lower velocity, it may not like it, and the ride comfort would be lost. With us, we tune a street vehicle for lower shaft speeds, and we’ll concentrate more on free bleed because you’ll feel more of the chatter while driving as you go around corners and such. A race truck in the desert isn’t going to see u-turns, but a street vehicle will. A desert race vehicle, if in a u-turn, is pedal to the floor and sideways. So when it's a street shock on our shock dyno, we’re focused on a different spectrum than an off-road race shock.”

Spring Rates

Other factors in shocks, such as coilovers, are the springs and spring rates. Most coilover shocks have a primary (upper coil) and secondary (lower coil). If you had two 500-lbs/inch springs that worked with each other as a dual rate, the equivalent rate of both springs as they are being compressed is 250-lbs/inch. If you had two springs of different rates, like a 250-lb/inch and a 400-lb/inch, it’s then about 130-lb/inch and lower than the softer spring. With a King coilover, there is a physical stop called a coil nut which the coil slider – a composite, sliding perch that positions both springs on the shock body – will encounter and stop the movement of the upper spring. This then forces the suspension to ride on the lower, bigger rate spring. The coil nuts are also adjustable to the threaded body of the shock.

Spring Rates

“This means that when you hit that coil nut," clarifies Trevor, "you immediately ramp up your spring rate to the larger one. So in our example, you'll be at that 130-lb/inch rate, the coil slider will hit the coil nut and then you’re at the 400-lb/inch spring rate.”

Shaft Size

While a piston has a lot to do with the shaft velocity, the shaft's diameter also comes into play.

King Shock Shafts

“The larger shaft here is 1 5/8 inches in diameter," says Trevor. "The smaller shaft is what we typically use in our 2.5 Pre-Runner shocks and it's 7/8 inch in diameter. The larger diameter shock shaft will generate a larger spring force and is the major difference between a regular shock and our air shocks and bumpstops. An air shock and bumpstop work on the same fundamentals – as your shaft is being compressed into your cylinder, the volume will change drastically generating a spring force.” That volume difference is also the reason you see reservoirs on many King shocks.

Hose Length

Speaking of reservoirs, hose length can also play a role in the shock’s performance. If the distance is too long, the hose between the reservoir and body can actually have enough fluid to make up the difference and, if not made of a heat transferring material (which most aren’t), it won’t remove the heat from the shock fluid.

King Shocks Hose

Basically, if a King engineer tells you that your hose between the shock and reservoir is too long, you might want to listen to them.

Air Bumps and Air Shocks

So how does an Air Bump Stop or Air Shock work differently compared to a standard shock? It goes back to the spring force we mentioned earlier:

“Spring force comes from having a large diameter shock shaft that displaces into a cylinder of fixed volume," Trevor points out. "If you take the initial gas volume, relate that to the volume of your shaft and compress the shaft into the cylinder, it will compress the gas proportionally that’s in the chamber. As you compress gas, you’re going to generate a force, which is spring force. That will physically hold ride height depending on vehicle weight and shock design. If you take a regular shock without a spring, it will just sink to the ground because it’s not designed to generate a force, but fight velocity changes by using dampening force. An air shock combines spring force and dampening force.”

A regular shock does generate some spring force, but as Trevor mentions, “That spring force may only be about 80 lbs. That 80 lbs. is not going to hold up your truck.”

Cutaway

An Air Bump Stop has a very small gas chamber. If you look at the chamber above its piston and compare it to the volume of the chamber where the shaft resides, the change is far more dramatic than in an Air Shock and especially so compared to a standard shock absorber.

“On our Air Bump Stop, the volume change between the top of the piston and the shaft side of the piston is five times," states Trevor, "so from full extension it will compress the gas five times its original size. We do this for bottoming control so you don’t jolt your suspension to a stop – it’s gradual – and that improves ride comfort going to full bottom and saves suspension components as well.”

Air Bump Stop

Bypass Shocks

Now the moment you've all been waiting for: the bypass shock. The main difference between the standard shock we’ve had as an example so far and the bypass shock comes down to this: while a standard shock is a linear viscous damper, the bypass is a non-linear viscous damper.

bypass shocks

The difference goes further from the previous non-linear shock we had described as well. Where that previous example changed the characteristics by shock shaft speed and valving, the bypass is position dependent. The piston is still the same with a linear valve shim setup on the piston along with openings and channels in the piston like the linear shock, but at a certain point, or even at multiple points of shock shaft travel, the damping curve will change.

The first we’ll look at is actually a more recent design by King Shocks called the IBP, which stands for Internal Bypass.

Internal Bypass

Just like a standard shock, the piston contains channels and cutouts for the shock fluid to pass by and flow through valving. However, in the compression side of the piston, the shock shaft has a hollow stem that leads to a channel below the piston to the IBP’s secondary piston that sits below the primary one. This secondary piston contains valve washers like the primary, but is designed to allow the shock shaft to move at a certain rate it was designed for. Upon reaching the last several inches of travel, the needle closes off the path for the shock fluid that bypassed the primary piston, which now takes over.

“The fluid can physically pass through this channel and out this bottom hole," explains Trevor. The high pressure fluid can bypass the primary piston since it "assumes" there is no passage way because it’s looking for the path of least resistance.

Internal Bypass

Closed Path

“When your suspension hits a large object and causes the shaft to displace all the way up the cylinder, it then hits this geometric constraint, the needle," continues Trevor. "The bleed is now closed and the path of least resistance has now closed. It’s now operating on the primary piston. Now, if we didn’t have this secondary piston – if that hole just remained open – the shock wouldn’t generate any dampening until it reached the top half of the stroke and closed off that channel.”

Closed Path

The secondary piston has channels and valves for both compression and rebound, just like the primary piston. The reason for this is to keep the shock from rebounding too quickly, causing the vehicle to bounce. As the shock continues through rebound the fluid is allowed to flow through both the primary and secondary valving. Once past the needle, fluid is able to move through both sets of valving shims and returns to normal dampening. The way the main piston is setup is that there are stiffer valve washers on the main piston for both compression and rebound for more force, but there are softer valve washers on the secondary piston because it’s operating about 70 to 75 percent of the time. The last 25 to 30 percent is done by the primary piston at or near full bump.

“The main advantage of the IBP,” says Trevor, “is that you get a position dependent feature that can vary the dampening coefficient of the shock absorber without the need of external tubes like a traditional bypass shock. When you vary the dampening coefficient of the shock absorber, you are going from a linear viscous shock absorber to non-linear shock absorber that is position dependent and velocity dependent.”

Needle Taper

So why have a taper on the needle? Wouldn’t a blunt or square shape work just as well?

No, it would actually be far too harsh, Trevor explains, “The needle shape allows the damper to roll into the primary valving; it’s smoother. If the end was blunt or square, you would have a real tough transition into the bump zone, and it would be harsh on the vehicle. It would feel like you’re bottoming out, but it’s just that harsh transition, and the taper prevents this.”

Needle Taper

That last bit of travel, that 25 to 30 percent, is where damage to driver and truck can happen, which iss the main advantage of this style of non-linear absorption. With the ability to ramp up the force needed to compress and then rebound, the suspension in that range prevents harsh bottoming out and protects the driver and chassis from race-ending – or even career-ending – forces. The IBP shock is able to do that in a single package.

External Bypass

However, if you need position dependent control over several different positions of shaft travel in both directions of full travel, then you’re probably looking at a traditional bypass shock, like this King 4.5 Bypass damper.

External Bypass

Most would assume that it would be a piston that doesn’t offer anything in terms of valving, but you’d be mistaken. It’s still a damper that uses a linear valving stack just like the smaller shocks and coilovers. The key difference is that it uses external tubes in several different spots within the travel of the shock shaft and piston to tune the performance precisely.

“Everything is still the same, just scaled up for this cylinder,” says Trevor. “We have a much larger piston. Now we also have dampening control being done from shock fluid going through just the passages and valves in the piston of a standard shock, to a channel inside the shaft to a secondary piston on the IBP, and now to a set of tubes welded to the cylinder. We still have a high pressure zone and a low pressure zone, but now the high-pressure fluid can pass through these tubes on the side of the cylinder.”

Tubes

Inside those tubes are another set of valves, but instead of washer valves, these are machined pistons that rest on the larger section of the bypass tubes. When the fluid flows into the bypass tube, that high pressure begins to push against that piston, which is held shut by a spring until the fluid pressure overcomes the spring’s pressure to open it up and allows fluid to flow into the tube.

Tubes

“When there is a minimum pressure pushing on the piston," says Trevor, "it can compress that spring, opening up and allowing the fluid to enter the low pressure area behind the piston. When the piston is moving the other way, the fluid then flows to the back side of the bypass tube valve and closes it, preventing that bypass tube from acting on the opposite direction of travel it is intended to work in.”

Limits

To make a bypass shock position dependent, the tubes are welded to the cylinder at different heights and the tubes are also different lengths to create different zones.

“You can modify the dampening coefficient within the range of each tube,” explains Trevor, “you can also change it by adjusting the valve adjuster on each tube. So you can change the adjustment, and it will only affect the dampening in the zone of the tube; this applies to every tube in each direction, both compression and rebound. We have a long tube, medium tube and short tube as well, in which you will adjust each zone to how you like it one by one.”

Limits

You can also have as many tubes as you want, but there is a limit before you encounter diminishing returns.

“Normally, seven is the limit on the amount of tubes you can run effectively,” Trevor points out. “We do have guys running eight and nine tube bypass shocks, but you don’t really feel the difference after seven. That’s really the maximum amount you can run that will work. Now, if you’re running a longer cylinder, you can have more zones that are spaced out more effectively, but running more bypass tubes won’t solve the lack of zone space.”

Adjusters

The bypass tube valve is adjustable by the allen screw after loosening the lock nut. The principal is the same as adjusting your coilover for preload. When you turn the allen in, you compress the spring that seats the valve, requiring more force to open it. Turning it out will produce the opposite effect. On top of that, King offers springs of different rates for the bypass valves for even further adjustments. A bypass shock is a custom tailored suspension part by the full definition. While the tubes you see here are as they are for this bypass, different customers will have different requests, and King designs each one to specification the customer requests.

Adjusters

The More Shocks the Better?

So why run a bypass tube and a coilover with a linear viscous damper or even an IBP at the same time? Wouldn’t that be overkill? Well, not really.

“You still get your velocity sensitivity from your standard shock, but you are able to regulate the dampening coefficient during shaft travel with the external bypass," Trevor points out. "So instead of ramping up dampening force at the upper limit of travel like with the IBP, you can gradually ramp up that force before that upper zone, and you can also better regulate it in both directions in the same way with an external.”

1400 Class Truck

When you look at the suspension of your vehicle, both on-road and off-, it seems like it has a simple job: to control the motion of the wheel and body. However, as you can now see, that job isn’t as simple as it sounds. While the off-road shock and bypass are unique to the world of dirt and rocks, the way they work is no different from the world of pavement. The shock piston still must move through a fluid to control the motion of the wheels and body. The rates at which they are done are what separate them.

While you may have thought that a bypass was mostly for show or purely off-road, it has more advantages if you have the ability to use them. However, if you don’t, King has the Internal ByPass shock to cover you and give you the position dampening control you need at the last several inches of suspension travel. In short, if you have a vehicle that needs a shock, King has the right one you need, or they'll make it if they don’t have it on the shelf.

Now, learn how to rebuild a King coilover.

SoCal Vintage BMW Meet 2016

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2016 marks BMW’s 100th year and the 50th anniversary of the BMW 2002. What better way to celebrate than by bringing together nearly 400 of the west coast's finest vintage (pre-'95) Bimmers for the 9th Annual SoCal Vintage BMW Meet?

From a 2002 built to go off-road to a 160mph wagon, check out eight BMWs that prove the SoCal Vintage BMW Meet is definitely worth a visit.

1600 Alpina

Alpina is to BMW what Shelby is to Ford or Mugen to Honda. The 1600 Alpina was one of the first BMWs they added their special touch to back in the '60s. In Alpina spec, these could make up to 165hp.

1600 Alpina

This pristine 1600 sports all the original Alpina parts, bubble flared fenders and period correct Recaro seats.

1600 Alpina

S54 powered E28 Alpina B7 Turbo

This E28 may wear Alpina B7 Turbo badging but the Alpina tuned, 3.5L turbo inline-6 has been replaced with the 333hp S54 motor out of the E46 M3.

S54-Powered E28 Alpina B7 Turbo

Only 149 B7 Turbos were made. Visually separating the Alpina models from your run-of-the-mill E28s are Alpina aero, exterior pinstriping, wood steering wheel and shift knob with a blue-and-green-striped interior.

S54-Powered E28 Alpina B7 Turbo

S54-Powered E30 M3 

Speaking of S54 swaps, this E30 M3 swapped its S14 motor for one out of the E46 M3. Weighing just under 3,000 lbs. and 333hp under the hood, this should be an absolute blast to drive, if not terrifying.

S54-Powered E30 M3

2002 “M2”

If you’re wondering where the original motor of the previous M3 went, maybe it went under the hood of this 2002? The M2 wasn’t an official BMW model until 2016, but that name also works for this 2002 powered by the E30 M3’s S14 4-cylinder.

2002 M2

2002 M2

E34 M5 Touring

It’s a shame that America never got the E34 M5 wagon. Capable of over 155 mph, the M5 Touring was the ultimate soccer dad car of its time.

E34 M5 Touring

This particular example was only one of four produced in this Madeira Schwartz (Black) Metallic. It was imported and federalized by its current owner back in 2007, who also mentions that this M5 actually passes California smog test!

E34 M5 Touring

E30 Ute

...when E30 is life but so is truck. With a custom bed, lifted suspension and skid plate, just add rear jump seats, and this would be the German equivalent of the Subaru BRAT.

E30 ute

The guy on the left represents most people’s expressions when they first see the back of the E30 pickup.

E30 ute

Off-Road 2002 

Possibly our favorite of the meet was this unique 2002. In a sea of 2002s celebrating the model's 50th anniversary, this one definitely stood out from the rest with a mix of rat rod meets pre-runner style.

Off-Road 2002

Built by Sin City BMW and dubbed the “X2”, this 2002 has the floorboard and drivetrain of a 325xi (the all-wheel drive version of the E30) mated to an early '70s 2002.

Off-Road 2002

The patina-covered body was cut up to fit Super Swamper tires, while the missing front fender reveals a custom snorkel.

Off-Road 2002

Group 2 3.0 CSL

On the opposite end of the spectrum, one of the centerpieces of the meet was this recently completed restoration of a 3.0 CSL purpose-built for Group 2 racing, restored by Vintage Motorsport Group.

Group 2 3.0 CSL

The restoration was done with only period pieces including a 3.5L motor with Alpina side throttle injection, Alpina rear differential with oil cooler, Getrag 4-speed transmission and Lockheed F1 front brakes. Many of the vintage parts were found over a three-year period of scouring shops all over Europe.

Group 2 3.0 CSL

Anything that couldn’t be sourced or restored was built from scratch, such as the rear wing and spoiler. The restoration was completed in time for the BMW 100th Anniversary celebration at the Monterey Motorsports Reunion this past August.

rear wing and spoiler rebuild

Group 2 3.0 CSL Versus Stock Model

A cool thing about being at the SoCal Vintage BMW meet is getting to compare modified with stock versions of these amazing cars. A quick glance of these next to each other reveals the stark difference between the two.

Martini BMW

3.0 CSL

On the interior, you'll see a bare bones racer with Sparco seats and roll cage versus all the amenities for what rolled out of the showroom.

interior

interior

See more from the 2016 SoCal Vintage BMW Meet in the gallery below.

 

RTI Fun Day at Low Range 4x4 [Gallery]

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RTI, short for ramp travel index, is something many off-road shops and 4x4 gatherings use to test out a vehicle’s flex potential. The goal is to place one tire on the ramp (typically the driver side front tire) and drive until the driver-side rear tire lifts off of the ground (or as far as safely possible). An RTI ramp typically allows drivers to see where there tires will rub, showcase the limits (or potential) of their suspension and demonstrate how differential lockers can make a big difference.

Low Range 4x4 has used its 30-degree RTI ramp for years to test out new builds and allow customers to see what type of potential their vehicle has. We recently stopped by for one of the shop's RTI Fun Days, where they open the ramp up to the public. On this particular fall evening, there was everything from a stretched two-door JK to a Nissan sedan. It was great entertainment, and we were there to snap some photos from the event.

Check out our gallery above for all the fun, and learn more about the basics of articulation

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